Wellness
Evidence shows link between endometriosis and physical traumatic experiences

An international study has found new evidence linking traumatic experiences and stressful events with endometriosis – revealing that the condition appears to be closely linked to trauma involving contact, such as in physical abuse or sexual assault.
Through genetic analysis, the researchers found that this relationship seems to be independent of genetic predisposition to endometriosis. The findings could be helpful to take into account when diagnosing endometriosis, which affects 190 million women of reproductive age worldwide.
Dora Koller, first author of the article and researcher at the Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics of the UB’s Faculty of Biology, notes that: “While psychological trauma has been associated with endometriosis, to date, there has been little information on the role of the type of trauma and genetic predisposition.
“These results challenge established paradigms by uncovering shared genetic mechanisms linking endometriosis with post-traumatic stress disorder and other types of trauma, while providing new insights into how different types of traumatic events are associated with the disease.”
The study was based on observational and genetic data analyses from 8,276 women with endometriosis and 240,117 controls in the UK Biobank, a biomedical database containing anonymised genetic, lifestyle and health information, as well as biological samples from people in the United Kingdom.
“Our study shows that people with endometriosis were more likely to report having experienced certain traumatic events compared to healthy people,” said Koller.
For example, people with endometriosis were 17 per cent more likely to have witnessed a sudden death, 16 per cent more likely to have experienced sexual assault in adulthood and 36 per cent more likely to have received a life-threatening diagnosis.
To explore the connection between different types of trauma, the researchers conducted a latent class analysis, a research tool that unravels hidden clusters in a dataset.
“More cases of endometriosis could be linked to emotional, physical and sexual trauma,” said Koller.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and child abuse
The genetic analyses in the study consisted mainly of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of endometriosis and also an analysis of the interaction between traumatic events and the polygenic risk of endometriosis, an approach that assesses the combined impact of multiple genetic variants on the development of a disease, rather than focusing on a single gene.
The results of these analyses have revealed that the disease correlates genetically with several trauma-related conditions, with the strongest evidence being linked to post-traumatic stress disorder and child abuse.
Koller said: “Childhood trauma, for example, feeling hated by a family member as a child and being physically abused by the family, was also linked to endometriosis, highlighting the potential role of early adverse experiences in shaping the risk and progression of endometriosis.”
Other genetically inferred relationships included situations related to having someone who could take study participants to the doctor during childhood.
According to the researcher, this would be “especially important” in the case of endometriosis, since having caregivers who ensure access to medical care during this stage of life may influence stress resilience and care-seeking behaviour, reducing the likelihood of under-diagnosis and under-treatment.
“People who lack caregiver support may be less likely to defend their health,” Koller said.
Mechanisms which do not depend on the genetic predisposition
The results also show that the relationship between the genetic risk of endometriosis and trauma does not seem to be due to a direct interaction between genes and environment, but would be explained by correlations between genes and environment.
That is, for example, people with a certain genetic predisposition may be more likely to experience or remember certain traumatic events, which could influence their risk of developing endometriosis.
“Based on the reclassification proposed by Hugh Taylor – co-author of the current study – of endometriosis as a chronic systemic disease with manifestations outside the reproductive tract, our findings highlight how childhood and adult trauma may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis with mechanisms that appear independent of the genetic predisposition,” said Koller.
An early diagnosis strategy
The associations identified between endometriosis and traumatic events are consistent with a previous study by the same research team that linked the disease to depression, anxiety and eating disorders.
These combined findings highlight the importance of assessing the physical and mental health of patients with endometriosis.
“Although the results need to be confirmed in other cohorts, they suggest that we may be able to design early endometriosis screening programmes that consider not only genetic factors, but also a history of physical trauma or other risk factors. This would help to identify and treat the disease more comprehensively and effectively,” Koller said.
News
Ovum secures US$4m in seed funding

Women’s health startup Ovum has raised US$4m in seed funding to develop its AI health journal and expand research using women’s health data.
The round valued the Melbourne startup at US$18m.
Ovum plans to use the funding to develop its artificial intelligence technology and longitudinal datasets, which track health information over time to reveal changes and patterns.
The AI captures symptoms, lifestyle factors, biometric measurements, reproductive health stages, medication, appointments and medical reports.
It uses this information to identify health patterns and create summaries and questions for medical appointments.
Ovum previously raised US$1.7m in pre-seed funding in February 2025 before launching its health journal app in August that year.
Since then, the company says the app has grown by 30 per cent month on month and recorded more than 20,000 downloads.
It has captured 57,000 health data insights and hosted more than 107,000 AI health conversations involving women aged between 15 and 84.
Founder Dr Ariella Heffernan-Marks developed the idea while she was a third-year medical student experiencing chronic migraines and was told that her pain was caused by anxiety.
The company describes the resulting women’s health journal as combining technology and clinical research to make health information more actionable and equitable for women.
Heffernan-Marks said: “I’ve sat on both sides of the desk, as a patient and as a doctor, and that’s why this mission matters so much to me.
“For too long, women have had to navigate healthcare systems that were not designed around their lived experiences or backed by sufficient female health data. Ovum exists to help women better understand their bodies, advocate for themselves with confidence, and contribute to research that improves care for future generations.”
Private health insurer Medibank is an Ovum partner, alongside Fernwood Fitness, Sweat and Menopause Friendly Australia.
Australian Red Cross Lifeblood is also involved in a pilot examining productivity losses caused by women reducing their working hours or leaving employment for health reasons.
Earlier in 2026, Ovum launched clinical trials with St George Hospital and the Royal Hospital for Women to assess AI as a preventative health tool for women.
The research is examining how women currently manage their health, which digital tools they use and whether AI could support health confidence, self-advocacy and continuity of care.
Continuity of care means receiving connected and consistent support across different appointments, healthcare professionals and services.
The funding round was led by Admiralty Capital Group, with participation from Antler, Giant Leap, Aviron Investments, Foggy Valley Aotearoa, Brisbane Angels and Think & Grow.
Existing investor LaunchVic, which is due to merge with Breakthrough Victoria, also participated through its Alice Anderson Fund, which focuses on female founders.
Amanda Andriano, founding partner at Admiralty Capital Group, said the gender health gap was a problem that should not be tolerated.
She said: “Ovum combines mission, market timing and technical capability with an exceptional founder uniquely positioned to lead this movement, and we believe that creates the foundation for a company of global significance.”
Ageing
Strength training may lower heart disease risk in women, study suggests

Women who do strength training may have a lower risk of major cardiovascular disease, particularly alongside aerobic activity, a study suggests.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Aerobic activities such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling and swimming are already established ways to help reduce the risk.
Strength or resistance training, also known as RT, is less established as a prevention strategy. It makes muscles work against a force and can involve body weight, free weights, resistance bands or machines.
Current US guidelines recommend at least two days of strength training and 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic activity each week.
They also recommend limiting sedentary behaviour, including prolonged television viewing, which is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Dr Tianyue Zhang, lead study author and scientist in the department of nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, said: “Despite its established health benefits, RT is often overlooked as a prevention strategy for CVD, and its impact on CVD risk, especially in middle-aged and older women, remains understudied.
“A key question is, how much does it add beyond aerobic activity alone?”
Researchers analysed data from 117,025 women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II.
The two groups had average starting ages of 66.8 and 48.1 years respectively.
The women reported their resistance training every four years, with exercises involving the arms and legs recorded separately.
Time spent watching television was used as the main measure of sedentary behaviour.
The researchers examined exercise and television-viewing habits alongside the incidence of major cardiovascular disease.
Major cardiovascular events included fatal or non-fatal heart attacks, strokes, coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention.
Coronary artery bypass surgery redirects blood around narrowed or blocked heart arteries. Percutaneous coronary intervention uses a small balloon, often followed by a stent, to open a narrowed artery.
Higher levels of strength training were associated with a lower risk of major cardiovascular disease, particularly heart attacks.
No statistically significant link with stroke was found when resistance exercise was considered separately.
Women completing at least two hours of strength training a week had a 20 per cent lower risk of major cardiovascular disease and a 44 per cent lower risk of heart attack than those doing none.
Each additional hour a week was associated with a five per cent lower risk of major cardiovascular disease and a 14 per cent lower risk of heart attack.
The associations weakened somewhat after researchers accounted for body mass index and conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, but remained clear.
Body mass index, or BMI, compares weight with height and is commonly used to assess whether someone is within a healthy weight range.
Strength training was also linked to additional benefits among women who did aerobic activity.
Women completing at least two hours of strength training and 150 minutes of aerobic activity each week had a 45 per cent lower risk of heart attack than those reporting no physical activity.
Women who met recommendations for strength training, aerobic activity and reduced television viewing had the lowest risks of major cardiovascular disease, heart attack and stroke compared with those who met some or none of the recommendations.
Zhang said: “These findings suggest that, within an already active population, RT is associated with additional reductions in CVD risk above and beyond overall aerobic activity.
“Alongside aerobic activity and reductions in sedentary behaviour, RT may be an important component of public health strategies for cardiovascular prevention in women.”
The study relied on participants reporting their own resistance training, meaning the data may not always have been precise.
Researchers also noted the possible influence of unmeasured factors and the limited diversity of participants.
They were unable to fully separate the effects of the type of resistance training performed from the overall amount completed.
Dr Harlan M. Krumholz, professor at Yale School of Medicine, said: “We have long encouraged resistance training, and this study provides strong evidence to reinforce that message.
“It should be included in a well-rounded health routine to support function and longevity.”
Pregnancy
Women with pre-eclampsia at increased risk of chronic kidney disease, study finds

Women who develop pre-eclampsia face a higher risk of chronic kidney disease and high blood pressure later in life, new research suggests.
The amount of protein found in the urine during pregnancy may help identify those at greatest risk of developing long-term health problems.
Pre-eclampsia usually involves high blood pressure and increased protein in the urine. Some women also experience severe headaches and changes to their vision.
The condition cannot be treated during pregnancy and, in some cases, labour must be induced early to protect both the woman and baby.
The study found that the condition may be linked to longer-term health problems.
Anne Høy Seemann Vestergaard, a medical doctor and PhD at the department of clinical medicine at Aarhus University, said: “What we can see is a clear association between pre-eclampsia and the development of high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease later in life.”
The researchers found that the amount of protein passed in the urine during pregnancy was linked to the risk of developing chronic conditions after giving birth.
Protein in the urine can indicate that the kidneys are not filtering blood normally.
Vestergaard said: “The most surprising finding was how clearly the amount of protein in the urine during pre-eclampsia was linked to the risk of later high blood pressure and chronic kidney disease. Women with moderate to severe protein excretion had a higher risk of both conditions compared with women with low or no protein excretion.”
Among women with pre-eclampsia and moderate to severe levels of protein in the urine, around one in 20 developed chronic kidney disease within 10 years and around one in six developed high blood pressure.
Most women in the study did not develop long-term complications, but the researchers said the increased risk should still be taken seriously because the potential effects can be severe.
Vestergaard said: “At first glance, this may sound like a low number, but it represents a markedly increased risk when the groups are compared. In the group with pre-eclampsia and high levels of protein in the urine, around 1 in 20 women developed chronic kidney disease within ten years, including early stages of the disease, compared with around 1 in 100 in the group with lower or no protein excretion.”
She added: “That is a considerable number in light of the fact that chronic kidney disease is a potentially serious condition that can progress to kidney failure if isn’t diagnosed early.”
The findings suggest women who experience pre-eclampsia may benefit from more systematic monitoring after pregnancy.
Vestergaard said: “Our study suggests that these women may benefit from monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function after pregnancy.”
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