News
Women’s brains may be more sensitive to alcohol before addiction develops, study finds

Women’s brains may respond to alcohol earlier than men’s, which could help explain why women are more vulnerable to alcohol-related anxiety and depression, according to new research.
The findings could inform more personalised treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD), especially for women and people in the earlier stages of harmful alcohol use.
Researchers at Scripps Research studied how alcohol affects the noradrenergic system—a brain network involved in the fight-or-flight response, stress regulation, attention and emotional processing. This system controls the chemical norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline).
Previous studies from the lab had only examined male rats, but the new research included female rats and found notable differences.
Even with limited alcohol exposure, female rats showed changes in how brain cells communicated—a shift that in males only appeared after dependence had developed.
Co-first author Alexia Anjos-Santos, a visiting PhD candidate at Scripps Research.
Anjos-Santos said: “This suggests that the female noradrenergic system may be more sensitive at baseline, but additional research is needed to confirm and better understand this potential sex-based difference.”
The team focused on the central amygdala, a brain region responsible for processing stress and alcohol-related signals.
They tested two FDA-approved drugs targeting specific norepinephrine receptors: prazosin, an α1-blocker prescribed for high blood pressure and PTSD-related nightmares, and propranolol, a β-blocker used to treat migraines, chest pain and heart conditions.
Prazosin reduced alcohol intake in both non-dependent and dependent female rats, while propranolol was only effective after dependence had set in.
Professor Marisa Roberto, senior author and professor of neuroscience at Scripps Research, said: “These are critical takeaways.
“Our results, along with existing clinical literature, suggest that α1 receptor-specific medications like prazosin could help reduce alcohol cravings as well as stress-related symptoms like anxiety—even in people with milder patterns of alcohol use.”
The findings suggest β-blockers such as propranolol may be more beneficial for individuals with severe AUD, where the brain’s stress systems are highly activated, while α1-blockers may offer benefits for women across a range of drinking behaviours.
To explore the relevance in humans, the researchers analysed postmortem brain tissue from women with and without AUD.
While the central amygdala showed no obvious differences, two connected brain regions—the basolateral amygdala and the prefrontal cortex—had lower α1 receptor gene expression in women with AUD.
Roberto said: “While alcohol targets many areas of the brain, the interplay between these regions may be especially important.”
She cautioned that the human sample size was small and that other variables, such as age, smoking status and family history of AUD, may have influenced the results.
Co-first author Dr Chloe Erikson, a postdoctoral fellow, added: “β-blocking therapies might be beneficial for more severe AUD, especially when the body’s stress systems are highly activated.
“This may be true for both sexes, but α1-blockers appear more effective in females, whether they have mild or heavy alcohol use.”
The study adds to growing evidence that men and women may respond differently to both alcohol and AUD medications.
The team plans to explore whether these stress-related drugs could also help treat symptoms linked to AUD, such as anxiety, depression and increased pain sensitivity.
News
Zero Candida market set to reach over US$2 billion by 2030 – report

A market analysis made by Moore Financial Consulting estimates the global market for Zero Candida Technologies, Inc. (TSXV: ZCT) (OTCQB: ZCTFF) (FSE: 9L2) (the “Company” or “ZCT”), a FemTech medical device company advancing next-generation solutions for women’s health, will reach over USD 2 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.25 per cent globally and 3.9 per cent in North America and 4.2 per cent in Europe.
The analysis emphasis that up to 75 per cent of women will have at least one vaginal yeast infection in their life.
Moreover, recurrent VVC (Vulvovaginal Candidiasis) affects nearly 8 per cent of women globally (for women above the ages of 15-60).
According to the data, 100 per cent of women with Recurrent VVC will purchase a combination of over-the-counter and prescription antifungal treatments, usually with the common use of oral agents.
Compared to women with non-recurrent VCC, 55.2 per cent will purchase prescription antifungal treatment, 37 per cent over-the-counter antifungal, 5.6 per cent will purchase a combination of both treatments, and the rest will not purchase any treatment.
Eli Ben Haroosh, founder & CEO, Zero Candida Technologies, said: “Moore’s market analysis matches our estimations, Zero Candida is a groundbreaking and game-changing company in the world of women’s medicine, and we look forward to be one of the leading companies offering AI-driven, tampon-like device, helping women suffering from VVC .
Zero Candida announced recently that its shares are now successfully listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE).
This listing marks a significant milestone for the Company as it expands its global presence, now cross-listed on both the TSX Venture Exchange and the FSE, providing increased visibility and access to a broader pool of international investors.
Wellness
Breast cancer patients face 59% higher stroke risk during first year, study finds

Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer have a 59 per cent higher risk of ischaemic stroke in the first year after diagnosis, research suggests.
Researchers also said survivors who develop sudden stroke symptoms, including one-sided weakness, facial drooping, speech difficulties or vision loss, should seek immediate medical attention.
The multicentre study analysed National Health Insurance Service data from 107,606 women who underwent surgery for newly diagnosed breast cancer and compared them with 322,818 age-matched women with no history of cancer.
The research was conducted by professor Shin Dong-wook of Samsung Medical Center, professor Han Kyung-do of Soongsil University, professor Yong-Moon Mark Park of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and professor Wonyoung Jung of the University of Pennsylvania.
Professor Yong-Moon Mark Park said: “The study demonstrates a time-dependent pattern in which the risk of ischaemic stroke rises sharply immediately after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment before gradually declining.
“The key finding is that we evaluated stroke risk according to different stages following diagnosis and treatment. This suggests that clinicians should consider not only how much the risk increases, but also when it is greatest.”
The study included women aged 18 or older who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2016, underwent surgery and had no previous stroke.
Each patient was matched with three women of the same birth year who did not have cancer. Participants were followed for an average of 7.2 years.
The main outcome was ischaemic stroke, also known as cerebral infarction. It occurs when a blocked blood vessel cuts off blood flow to the brain and is a leading cause of death and long-term disability.
During follow-up, ischaemic stroke occurred in 1,155 breast cancer patients, or 1.07 per cent, and 3,698 women in the control group, or 1.15 per cent.
Overall, breast cancer surgery was not linked to a significantly higher long-term risk of ischaemic stroke, and researchers recorded a slight fall in risk over time.
However, a different pattern emerged immediately after diagnosis.
Within one year of diagnosis, patients had a 59 per cent higher risk of ischaemic stroke than women without cancer.
The risk was highest during the first three months, at 2.90 times that of the control group.
It remained elevated within six months, at 2.27 times the control group’s risk, before gradually declining.
The risk was still 17 per cent higher three years after diagnosis.
Researchers said the temporary increase may be linked to cancer-related hypercoagulability, inflammatory responses to surgery and treatment, and cardiovascular stress caused by anticancer therapies.
Hypercoagulability means the blood is more likely than usual to form clots. Cardiovascular refers to the heart and blood vessels.
The increased risk was particularly pronounced among patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes or a history of current smoking.
Hypertension means high blood pressure. Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition affecting how the body controls blood sugar.
Breast cancer patients who smoked had a 2.26-fold higher risk of ischaemic stroke than comparable women without cancer.
Principal researcher professor Shin Dong-wook stressed the importance of vigilant care for patients with cardiovascular risk factors, especially during the early phase of breast cancer treatment.
Shin said: “Patients with hypertension, diabetes, or other cardiovascular risk factors, as well as those who smoke, require particularly careful management during the early phase of breast cancer treatment.
“If patients who have undergone breast cancer treatment suddenly develop weakness in one arm or leg, facial drooping, slurred or abnormal speech, or vision loss on one side, ischaemic stroke should be suspected, and they should seek immediate medical evaluation.”
Researchers said survivorship care should include strategies to monitor and manage cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk throughout treatment as advances in breast cancer care continue to improve survival.
Cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions affecting blood flow and blood vessels in the brain.
Cancer
Cancer cells secretly hijacking fertility protein to survive chemo, research finds

Cancer cells may hijack a fertility protein to repair damaged DNA and survive chemotherapy, research suggests.
The findings could point to a way of making existing cancer treatments more effective.
SYCP1 is a protein normally involved in producing sperm and eggs.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool found that the protein, previously thought to work only in reproduction, can be reactivated in cancer cells, where it helps tumours survive and grow.
SYCP1 usually helps chromosomes pair during meiosis, the form of cell division that produces reproductive cells.
In cancer cells, however, the protein appears to take on another role. It enters the nucleus, the cell’s control centre, binds directly to DNA and regulates genes involved in cell division and DNA repair.
DNA repair is how cells fix damage to their genetic code. In cancer, this process can help tumour cells survive treatment.
The researchers found that removing SYCP1 made cancer cells much more sensitive to chemotherapy drugs that damage DNA.
The findings suggest cancers may use SYCP1 to repair damage caused by treatment and continue growing.
Dr Urszula McClurg, lecturer in biochemistry, cell and systems biology at the University of Liverpool, said: “Our findings show that cancer cells can hijack proteins that normally exist only in reproductive tissues and give them completely new jobs.
“Understanding these unexpected functions opens up exciting opportunities to develop new treatments that make existing cancer therapies more effective.”
The work challenges the long-held belief that proteins active only in fertility have no biological relevance outside the reproductive system.
Researchers say these specialised proteins could provide new treatment targets across many types of cancer.
The study also offers a new view of how cancers evolve by repurposing developmental and reproductive processes.
The findings highlight SYCP1 as a candidate for future precision cancer therapies, which are treatments based on the specific biology of a patient’s cancer.
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