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Study shows pregnancy linked to lower rates of self-harm

The team hopes that identifying those at risk will allow doctors to target resources to those who need them

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Pregnancy: self harm

Study to examine self-harm risk around pregnancy has shown that most women are generally less likely to harm themselves during and after pregnancy.

A research team at the University of Manchester revealed that in 1000 women, four are likely to self-harm over a year. This risk halves when women are pregnant to two according to the research published in the British Journal of Psychiatry.

The study involved analysing over 58,000 self-harm events in women aged 15 to 45 years between January 1990 and December 2017. The data was linked to 1.1 million pregnancies and their outcomes using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and the Pregnancy Register.

Women with a diagnosis of psychiatric disorders are at a higher background risk of self-harm but their risk is more than halved when pregnant.

Even after pregnancy, women over the age of 30 are at a lower risk of self-harm. The risk reduction at three to six months after pregnancy is 13 per cent of women who are aged 30 to 34. This rises to 27 per cent for women who are aged 35 to 45 in comparison to women of the same age who were not pregnant.

It also found that mothers under the age of 30 are more likely to self-harm between three to six months after giving birth.

Mothers aged 15 to 19 are 66 per cent more likely and 20 to 24-year-olds are more likely to self-harm between three to six months of giving birth. 25 to 29 years old were 15 per cent more likely in comparison to the same age groups who were not pregnant. The study also revealed that there was a small increase in risk posed in post-pregnancy by primarily younger women aged 15 to 29 years.

Adolescent women with a history of self-harm were likely to continue harming themselves during pregnancy.

Pregnancy and self-harm risk

The team noted that identifying those at risk will allow doctors to target resources at women who may need them most of all.

Lead author Dr Holly Hope said: “This study – which is the largest of its kind – makes important advances in our understanding of how pregnancy and the first year after giving birth affect self-harm risk. As we already know, self-harm among young women generally in the UK is increasing and self-harm is associated with up to 50 times higher risk of suicide in women.

Significantly, we find that the risk of self-harm is indeed higher among women under 30 after giving birth, but reassuringly, for women over 30, the risks of self-harm decrease both during and after pregnancy. Latterly, women are increasingly likely to wait a few years until they have a baby which could be down to a number of factors, including their education and employment choices.

Older women may be in a better financial and psychological position to care for themselves and their babies. Hormonal changes during pregnancy are intended to promote maternal attachment and increase a sense of wellbeing. However, this mechanism might be overridden by other factors in some younger women.”

She added: “Older women might also be in a better position to take advantage of health services which do a good job in signposting them to services if they need help.

This study shows us more clearly than before, in a contemporary population of women becoming pregnant, where the greatest risks of self-harm lie which means resources might be more focussed on those at-risk age groups so they can be monitored more effectively and referred for help more efficiently. The most deprived neighbourhoods where teenage pregnancy is more common might benefit from a similar focus.”

Dr Jo Black, chair of the Perinatal Faculty at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “By highlighting where resources are needed most, the findings could help ensure funding is better targeted to reach those at greatest risk.”

Read more: TensCare launches breast pump offering greater comfort to ease difficulties of breastfeeding

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Zero Candida market set to reach over US$2 billion by 2030 – report

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A market analysis made by Moore Financial Consulting estimates the global market for Zero Candida Technologies, Inc. (TSXV: ZCT) (OTCQB: ZCTFF) (FSE: 9L2) (the “Company” or “ZCT”), a FemTech medical device company advancing next-generation solutions for women’s health, will reach over USD 2 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.25 per cent globally and 3.9 per cent in North America and 4.2 per cent in Europe.

The analysis emphasis that up to 75 per cent of women will have at least one vaginal yeast infection in their life.

Moreover, recurrent VVC (Vulvovaginal Candidiasis) affects nearly 8 per cent of women globally (for women above the ages of 15-60).

According to the data, 100 per cent of women with Recurrent VVC will purchase a combination of over-the-counter and prescription antifungal treatments, usually with the common use of oral agents.

Compared to women with non-recurrent VCC, 55.2 per cent will purchase prescription antifungal treatment, 37 per cent over-the-counter antifungal, 5.6 per cent will purchase a combination of both treatments, and the rest will not purchase any treatment.

Eli Ben Haroosh, founder & CEO, Zero Candida Technologies, said: “Moore’s market analysis matches our estimations, Zero Candida is a groundbreaking and game-changing company in the world of women’s medicine, and we look forward to be one of the leading companies offering AI-driven, tampon-like device, helping women suffering from VVC .

Zero Candida announced recently that its shares are now successfully listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE).

This listing marks a significant milestone for the Company as it expands its global presence, now cross-listed on both the TSX Venture Exchange and the FSE, providing increased visibility and access to a broader pool of international investors.

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Breast cancer patients face 59% higher stroke risk during first year, study finds

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Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer have a 59 per cent higher risk of ischaemic stroke in the first year after diagnosis, research suggests.

Researchers also said survivors who develop sudden stroke symptoms, including one-sided weakness, facial drooping, speech difficulties or vision loss, should seek immediate medical attention.

The multicentre study analysed National Health Insurance Service data from 107,606 women who underwent surgery for newly diagnosed breast cancer and compared them with 322,818 age-matched women with no history of cancer.

The research was conducted by professor Shin Dong-wook of Samsung Medical Center, professor Han Kyung-do of Soongsil University, professor Yong-Moon Mark Park of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and professor Wonyoung Jung of the University of Pennsylvania.

Professor Yong-Moon Mark Park said: “The study demonstrates a time-dependent pattern in which the risk of ischaemic stroke rises sharply immediately after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment before gradually declining.

“The key finding is that we evaluated stroke risk according to different stages following diagnosis and treatment. This suggests that clinicians should consider not only how much the risk increases, but also when it is greatest.”

The study included women aged 18 or older who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2016, underwent surgery and had no previous stroke.

Each patient was matched with three women of the same birth year who did not have cancer. Participants were followed for an average of 7.2 years.

The main outcome was ischaemic stroke, also known as cerebral infarction. It occurs when a blocked blood vessel cuts off blood flow to the brain and is a leading cause of death and long-term disability.

During follow-up, ischaemic stroke occurred in 1,155 breast cancer patients, or 1.07 per cent, and 3,698 women in the control group, or 1.15 per cent.

Overall, breast cancer surgery was not linked to a significantly higher long-term risk of ischaemic stroke, and researchers recorded a slight fall in risk over time.

However, a different pattern emerged immediately after diagnosis.

Within one year of diagnosis, patients had a 59 per cent higher risk of ischaemic stroke than women without cancer.

The risk was highest during the first three months, at 2.90 times that of the control group.

It remained elevated within six months, at 2.27 times the control group’s risk, before gradually declining.

The risk was still 17 per cent higher three years after diagnosis.

Researchers said the temporary increase may be linked to cancer-related hypercoagulability, inflammatory responses to surgery and treatment, and cardiovascular stress caused by anticancer therapies.

Hypercoagulability means the blood is more likely than usual to form clots. Cardiovascular refers to the heart and blood vessels.

The increased risk was particularly pronounced among patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes or a history of current smoking.

Hypertension means high blood pressure. Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition affecting how the body controls blood sugar.

Breast cancer patients who smoked had a 2.26-fold higher risk of ischaemic stroke than comparable women without cancer.

Principal researcher professor Shin Dong-wook stressed the importance of vigilant care for patients with cardiovascular risk factors, especially during the early phase of breast cancer treatment.

Shin said: “Patients with hypertension, diabetes, or other cardiovascular risk factors, as well as those who smoke, require particularly careful management during the early phase of breast cancer treatment.

“If patients who have undergone breast cancer treatment suddenly develop weakness in one arm or leg, facial drooping, slurred or abnormal speech, or vision loss on one side, ischaemic stroke should be suspected, and they should seek immediate medical evaluation.”

Researchers said survivorship care should include strategies to monitor and manage cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk throughout treatment as advances in breast cancer care continue to improve survival.

Cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions affecting blood flow and blood vessels in the brain.

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Insight

Cancer cells secretly hijacking fertility protein to survive chemo, research finds

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Cancer cells may hijack a fertility protein to repair damaged DNA and survive chemotherapy, research suggests.

The findings could point to a way of making existing cancer treatments more effective.

SYCP1 is a protein normally involved in producing sperm and eggs.

Researchers at the University of Liverpool found that the protein, previously thought to work only in reproduction, can be reactivated in cancer cells, where it helps tumours survive and grow.

SYCP1 usually helps chromosomes pair during meiosis, the form of cell division that produces reproductive cells.

In cancer cells, however, the protein appears to take on another role. It enters the nucleus, the cell’s control centre, binds directly to DNA and regulates genes involved in cell division and DNA repair.

DNA repair is how cells fix damage to their genetic code. In cancer, this process can help tumour cells survive treatment.

The researchers found that removing SYCP1 made cancer cells much more sensitive to chemotherapy drugs that damage DNA.

The findings suggest cancers may use SYCP1 to repair damage caused by treatment and continue growing.

Dr Urszula McClurg, lecturer in biochemistry, cell and systems biology at the University of Liverpool, said: “Our findings show that cancer cells can hijack proteins that normally exist only in reproductive tissues and give them completely new jobs.

“Understanding these unexpected functions opens up exciting opportunities to develop new treatments that make existing cancer therapies more effective.”

The work challenges the long-held belief that proteins active only in fertility have no biological relevance outside the reproductive system.

Researchers say these specialised proteins could provide new treatment targets across many types of cancer.

The study also offers a new view of how cancers evolve by repurposing developmental and reproductive processes.

The findings highlight SYCP1 as a candidate for future precision cancer therapies, which are treatments based on the specific biology of a patient’s cancer.

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