Fertility
Fertility treatment not tied to cancer risk, research finds
Fertility treatment was not linked to a higher overall risk of invasive cancer in women, a large Australian study has found.
The study, published today in JAMA Network Open, analysed health records of more than 417,000 women and found some specific cancers were slightly more common, while others were less common.
The researchers said the findings need to be interpreted with caution, and in the context of the many factors that influence cancer risk.
Adrian Walker, joint lead author from UNSW’s Centre for Big Data Research in Health, said the overall findings were reassuring, with women who receive fertility treatment not having a higher total incidence of cancer than other women.
“Women who’ve had assisted fertility should continue to participate in routine cancer screening programs they’re eligible for,” he said.
“And they should discuss their cancer risk with their doctor, to understand how else they can reduce their risk.”
The study analysed national health and cancer records from 417,984 Australian women who underwent medically assisted reproduction between 1991 and 2018.
This included IVF, intrauterine insemination and treatment with the fertility drug clomiphene. Cancer outcomes were examined over an average of 10 years.
The researchers compared how often cancer occurred in these women with how often it occurred in Australian women of the same age and in the same calendar years.
While the overall cancer rate was not higher, some specific cancers were slightly more common in women who had fertility treatment, while others were less common.
Uterine and ovarian cancer were slightly more common, as was melanoma. A non-invasive form of breast cancer was also more common in women who had IVF, but invasive breast cancer was not increased.
At the same time, some cancers, including cervical and lung cancer, were less common.
“It is very normal for a specific group of people to have a slightly different cancer profile from the general population,” Walker said.
“But as we see here, that doesn’t mean that their overall risk is increased.”
Claire Vajdic, professor at UNSW’s Kirby Institute and study lead, said the findings need to be interpreted carefully.
“This study focused on comparing rates of cancer in different populations, not whether fertility treatments themselves cause cancer.
“As such, we must consider the pre-existing risks of cancer in these populations when interpreting the findings.
“Women with infertility who are having or have had treatment, like all women, should ensure that they have regular check-ups, and seek further evaluation if they have concerns about unusual symptoms.”
Of the cancers that occurred at a higher rate than in the general population, uterine cancer was between 23 per cent and 83 per cent more common, depending on the type of fertility treatment.
Ovarian cancer was around 18 per cent to 23 per cent more common in women who had IVF or related treatments, while melanoma was about 7 per cent to 15 per cent more common.
On the other hand, some cancers were less common. Cervical cancer rates were about 40 per cent lower than in the general population, and lung cancer rates were about 30 per cent lower.
However, when the researchers looked at the actual number of additional cases, the difference was small. Across the cancers that were more common, the largest increase amounted to three to seven extra cases per 100,000 women per year.
So even where a relative increase was observed, the overall chance of developing cancer remained low.
Very few medical treatments are without risk, but the elevated cancer incidence here is low,” Vajdic said.
The researchers said there could be many reasons why certain cancers were more common in women who had fertility treatment.
“Women who need fertility treatment may differ from other women in ways that affect cancer risk,” Vajdic said.
Certain underlying causes of infertility, such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, are known to increase the risk of uterine and ovarian cancers.
The researchers showed Australian women who underwent fertility treatment were more likely to live in major cities and be socioeconomically advantaged.
Although not examined in this study, women having fertility treatment are also more likely to have fair skin and be less likely to smoke. Additionally, before starting fertility treatment, doctors must check that women are up to date with any recommended routine cancer screening.
All these factors will contribute to the cancer patterns observed in this study, including reduced lung cancer rates and reduced cervical cancer rates.
“What this study does is describe cancer patterns we’re seeing at a population level,” Walker said.
“It doesn’t tell us the risk of receiving treatment, or the risk for individual women who undergo treatment.”
Because many women in the study were still relatively young at the end of follow-up, the researchers said longer follow-up would provide additional insights.
“Continued cancer awareness is important as this population ages,” Vajdic said.
The researchers concluded that cancer risk after fertility treatment was not higher overall, and that further research to better understand differences in incidence for individual cancers will help women and their doctors make informed decisions.
Article produced in association with London Pregnancy Clinic and Jeen Health
For the majority of couples planning a pregnancy, genetic testing is not something they think about until a problem arises.
Pre-conception genetic carrier screening challenges this approach by identifying risk before pregnancy begins.
As panel sizes have grown and at-home testing options have become widely available, carrier screening is transitioning from a niche clinical referral into a mainstream component of reproductive planning.
What Carrier Screening Tests For
Being a carrier of a genetic condition means carrying one copy of a variant in a gene associated with that condition, without being affected by it.
In most cases, carriers are entirely unaware of their status.
The clinical significance of carrier status emerges when both members of a couple carry a variant in the same gene: in this scenario, each pregnancy carries a one in four chance of resulting in a child who inherits two copies of the variant and is affected by the condition.
The conditions most frequently included in expanded carrier screening panels include cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), fragile X syndrome, sickle cell disease, and a range of metabolic and enzyme deficiency disorders.
The Beacon 787 carrier test, offered by Jeen Health, screens for 787 conditions from a single sample, making it one of the most comprehensive panels currently available to UK families.
Who Is Most Likely to Benefit
Any couple planning a pregnancy can consider carrier screening. It is particularly relevant for:
- Couples with a family history of a known inherited condition
- Those from populations with higher carrier frequencies for specific conditions, including Ashkenazi Jewish, South Asian and African communities
- Couples pursuing fertility treatment, where genetic information informs treatment planning
- Those who wish to have the most complete picture of their reproductive health before conception
Importantly, being a carrier of a condition does not mean a child will be affected. It means there is a defined statistical risk that can be quantified, discussed and planned for with appropriate clinical support.
How the Test Is Performed
Carrier screening is typically carried out on a blood or saliva sample.
For at-home options such as the testing offered by Jeen Health, a cheek swab collection kit is dispatched to the patient, the sample is returned by post, and results are delivered digitally within a defined turnaround period.
In-clinic carrier testing may use a blood draw and provides the advantage of immediate access to a clinical consultation at the point of result delivery.
London Pregnancy Clinic offers genetics counselling through its partnership with Jeen Health, allowing couples to receive and contextualise carrier test results with expert support.
Genetic counselling before and after testing is recommended by Genomics England as a standard component of any genomic testing pathway.
What Happens If Both Partners Are Carriers
If both partners are identified as carriers for the same autosomal recessive condition, they are typically offered further counselling to discuss their options.
These may include proceeding naturally with an awareness of the risk, using prenatal diagnosis (CVS or amniocentesis) during pregnancy to test the fetus, or pursuing preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in the context of IVF, which allows unaffected embryos to be selected before transfer.
The purpose of identifying carrier status before pregnancy is to give couples time to consider these options without the added pressure of an ongoing pregnancy.
Knowledge of carrier status does not remove reproductive choices; it expands the information available when making them.
The Role of Pre-Conception Services
Carrier screening sits within a broader category of pre-conception care that includes fertility assessments, general health optimisation and, where relevant, management of existing conditions before pregnancy begins.
London Pregnancy Clinic offers pre-conception services encompassing fertility investigations, genetics counselling and carrier testing as part of an integrated 0th trimester approach, allowing couples to address genetic and clinical risk factors before their pregnancy starts rather than after.
Disclaimer: This article is produced for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Clinical guidance referenced reflects published NHS, NICE and RCOG standards as at March 2026. Individual circumstances vary; readers are advised to consult a qualified healthcare professional before acting on any information in this article.
This piece was produced in association with London Pregnancy Clinic and Jeen Health, which provided background clinical information for editorial purposes.
Hyperlinks to external sources are included for reference only and do not represent an endorsement of any product, service or organisation.
A London-based fertility clinic has been shortlisted for a startup award.
Plan Your Baby was shortlisted as a London finalist for Innovative Startup of the Year at the UK StartUp Awards.
Plan Your Baby is a new generation fertility and pregnancy telehealth clinic that provides fertility treatment and and-to-end pregnancy clinical monitoring and psychological support.
The company said on LinkedIn: “Being recognised in a city as competitive as London is meaningful for our team.
“The award is judged by industry experts and reflects the growing need for fertility care that is structured, transparent, and centred around the patient.
“Many people come to us looking for clarity in what can often feel like a complex process.
“Our focus has been to make each step easier to understand and easier to access.”
Plan Your Baby founder Marija Skujina was inspired to launch the company after working at the highest level in private fertility clinics and realising the impact that the traditional approach to fertility treatment was having on clients.
She told Femtech World in a 2023 interview: ““Fertility support is not just a medical procedure, it’s physical, mental, and emotional too.
“That’s why I launched Plan Your Baby: to help parents conceive in a fully supported and holistic manner.”
The UK StartUp Awards aim to ‘recognise the achievements of amazing individuals who have had a great idea, spotted the opportunity and taken the risks to launch a new product or service.’
If selected as the regional winner, Plan Your Baby will go on to the national final at Ideas Fest this September.
Previous winners include Magic AI, makers of a wall-mounted AI fitness mirror that acts as a personal trainer, and EnsiliTech, a medtech startup developing innovative health technology solutions at the intersection of engineering and healthcare.
Future Fertility, a Toronto-based health technology company specialising in AI-powered fertility insights, has entered the Japanese market through a new commercial partnership with Kato Ladies Clinic — a globally recognised leader in IVF research and advancing clinical fertility care.
The collaboration marks Future Fertility’s first partnership in Japan and reflects growing global demand for technologies that bring greater objectivity and personalisation to fertility care.
Kato Ladies Clinic will integrate the company’s AI-powered oocyte (egg) quality assessment tools into its clinical workflows, with the aim of supporting more informed treatment planning and patient counselling across IVF and egg freezing cycles.
“At Kato Ladies Clinic, we are committed to advancing fertility care through innovation while maintaining a strong focus on individualised, patient-centred treatment,” said Keiichi Kato, chief executive officer.
“Partnering with Future Fertility enables us to integrate objective, data-driven insights into our clinical approach and better support our patients in making informed decisions.”
Future Fertility’s platform analyses images of oocytes using artificial intelligence trained and validated on a dataset of more than 650,000 unique oocyte images.
The technology is already in use at more than 300 clinics across more than 35 countries, helping clinicians better understand the developmental potential of individual eggs and provide patients with more personalised insight earlier in their treatment journey.
From Research Collaboration to Clinical Adoption
The partnership between Future Fertility and Kato Ladies Clinic began as a scientific research collaboration in 2024, marking the first use of AI-powered oocyte quality assessment in Japan.
The collaboration not only validated the technology in a new patient population and across diverse clinical protocols — including minimal stimulation cycles —but also resulted in a peer-reviewed publication in Reproductive BioMedicine Online (RBMO) and a poster abstract presentation at ESHRE 2025.
The joint research explored how AI-derived oocyte quality scores relate to early embryonic development and overall treatment outcomes. In a retrospective study conducted at Kato Ladies Clinic, researchers analysed nearly 2,800 mature oocytes across more than 1,300 ICSI cycles, linking image-based assessments of egg quality to key developmental milestones.
The study demonstrated that lower AI scores were associated with reduced fertilization rates, delays, and abnormalities in early embryo development, increased developmental errors, and lower-quality blastocyst formation.
Notably, the researchers also found that cumulative oocyte scores were a stronger predictor of live birth outcomes than the number of eggs retrieved — underscoring the importance of assessing egg quality alongside quantity.
“Our collaboration with Future Fertility has demonstrated how artificial intelligence can uncover meaningful biological differences between oocytes that were previously difficult to quantify,” said Kenji Ezoe, senior scientist.
“Bringing this technology into routine clinical use is an important step toward translating research into improved patient outcomes.”
Future Fertility’s VP of clinical embryology & scientific operations, Jullin Fjeldstad, noted that the findings provide important clinical validation.
“Our joint research with Kato Ladies Clinic has shown how AI-based oocyte assessment can be directly linked to numerous embryo development outcomes, from fertilization through early developmental milestones and blastocyst formation,” she said.
“We are excited to see this work translated into clinical practice.”
Growing Demand for Fertility Care in Japan
The partnership comes at a time when demand for fertility treatment in Japan continues to rise.
The country performs over 450,000 fertility treatment cycles annually, making it one of the largest markets globally. Delayed childbearing and evolving societal trends have also contributed to increasing interest in egg freezing.
As patients seek more clarity and personalization in their care, tools that provide earlier insight into reproductive potential are gaining traction.
“Entering the Japanese market with a partner like Kato Ladies Clinic is a significant step forward for our global commercial strategy,” said Rafael Gonzalez, Future Fertility’s VP of global sales & strategy.
“It reflects the growing demand for technologies that support more transparent, data-driven fertility care across diverse healthcare systems.”
Expanding a Global Footprint
Founded in 1993, Kato Ladies Clinic is known for its pioneering work in natural and minimal stimulation IVF and has long been a leader in clinical innovation in Japan.
For Future Fertility, the partnership represents both a geographic expansion and a continuation of its broader mission to bring AI-driven insights into routine fertility care.
“We are proud to partner with Kato Ladies Clinic, a globally respected leader in IVF and a pioneer in reproductive medicine in Japan,” said Future Fertility’s CEO, Christy Prada.
“This partnership represents an important milestone as we expand into Asia and continue our mission to bring objective, personalised insights into fertility care worldwide.”
Future Fertility develops AI-powered tools designed to generate personalised insights across the fertility journey.
Its flagship oocyte assessment technologies analyse egg images to provide objective, individualised measures of egg quality, supporting treatment planning, patient counselling, and clinical decision-making in egg freezing and IVF, while also enabling more data-driven approaches to donor egg distribution and quality assurance.
As fertility care continues to evolve, collaborations like this one are helping shape a new standard — one that emphasises earlier insight, greater transparency, and more personalised decision-making for patients navigating increasingly complex reproductive journeys.
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