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Interview: Phantom uterus aims to revolutionise gynaecological procedures

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A biomedical engineer is tackling the painful reality of gynaecological procedures, with a “phantom uterus” that offers a safe, anatomically accurate platform for designing and testing medical devices, with the potential to transform comfort, safety and innovation in women’s healthcare.

Women-specific medical devices have received little attention in science and medical research, resulting in few advancements for decades. Routine procedures such as the insertion of the contraceptive implant often leave women in severe pain or cause them to avoid it altogether.

Almost 90 per cent of women report moderate to severe pain during a cervical procedure for IUD insertion, with 18 per cent using an alternative to IUD for contraception because of fear of how painful they can be.

Biomedical engineer, Saskia Hale, has designed and manufactured a life-sized phantom of a pre-menopausal non-pregnant uterus for the planning and designing of implants.

Long term, the innovation has the potential to improve the design, functionality and safety of medical devices used in gynaecological procedures, by providing an anatomically and mechanically accurate model.

A recent graduate of Biomedical Engineering from Imperial College London, Hale developed the

device as part of her Master’s Project.

It integrates advanced medical imaging, computational modelling, and materials science, enabling safe and effective gynaecological device development and reducing the need for live patient trials.

Developing the phantom uterus

Hale, who says she is passionate about improving the quality of people’s lives, is currently a biomedical engineer with Arete Medical Technologies.

Her idea for the phantom uterus came about after Charing Cross Hospital’s clinical engineering department began developing a device to test the geometry of a mechanically accurate uterus.

“I had an initial meeting with my supervisor, Dr Warren Macdonald, and the hospital to understand more of the specifics and what they wanted from the project to make it meaningful for them,” Hale tells Femtech World.

“I began to learn more about the materials that could replicate the uterus structures. One of the most interesting ways of doing this was not just by looking at journals, but by visiting the hospital’s Cadaver Lab and speaking to anatomy prosectors.

“I took away some great points, regarding not just the uterus, but considering how it interacts with the surrounding organs.

“Early in the design process, I also realised the importance of making the model adaptable to different uterine positions, not just the anteverted position, the most common type. It was really important to me that everyone was represented to improve the experience women have with intrauterine medical devices.”

How it works

The phantom uterus was developed through extensive research to help Hale understand the anatomy of the uterus – segmenting medical images to create a 3D model and exploring the viability of potential materials before the phantom uterus was manufactured and tested.

“The phantom uterus I developed is a model to allow for deployment planning and geometric designing of an implant,” says Hale.

“It works free-standing at the moment, but in the future, I hope to add a pelvis and the surrounding organs as I look towards improvements and the realism of the phantom uterus.

Hale adds, “Any device that can be inserted vaginally into the uterus can be tested to see how it interacts.”

Two key areas of the uterus needed to be validated for the design.

“After careful material selection, which influenced the manufacturing technique, anatomical validation and medical device validation were needed,” Hale explains.

“The anatomical validation showed that the uterus developed was a little bit smaller than expected, possibly due to the scans used and the shrinkage during moulding, needing to be larger than what was accounted for.

“The medical device validation study looked at a speculum being inserted into the phantom uterus and the key things a physician would do, see and feel, and how closely they were mimicked by the uterus. The results showed an 80 per cent performance score, and with some improvements, that score is expected to only go up.”

Supporting unmet need

Women-specific medical devices, such as contraceptive devices, are underfunded and under-researched, Hale highlights, emphasising that the phantom uterus allows for precise testing and optimisation of devices, ensuring they are safe, effective and comfortable for patients.

“A phantom uterus would also address the underfunding in women’s health that has resulted

in gaps in knowledge and treatment options, as a safer method for pre-clinical trials and the redevelopment of devices that may not work effectively,” says Hale, who shared her research at BioMedEng24.

“I’d love to continue furthering the work on the phantom uterus and to share my research so others can learn and progress in medical device design within women’s health.”

Earlier this year, Hale was selected as the winner of the Judge’s Choice Award at the Femtech Awards 2025 for her work on the phantom uterus project, an achievement she describes as a “complete surprise” and “an absolute privilege”.

“This is my life mission,” says Hale. “Being recognised alongside such influential individuals and organisations in the femtech field is incredibly meaningful, especially since I am so early on in my career.”

She adds: “This achievement wouldn’t have been possible without the support of Imperial College London and Charing Cross Hospital, especially my supervisor, Dr. Warren Macdonald, as well as Joelle and Aheed from Charing Cross.”

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Cultural stigma is a barrier to menopause help, black women say

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Cultural stigma and a lack of education are making it harder to get menopause help, ethnic minority women in Jersey have said.

The women came together to share their stories at an event in St Helier hosted by Eve Studios and Liberty Underwear.

Participants were encouraged to speak openly about the symptoms they had experienced.

Angela Mowanga, from Jersey, told ITV Channel: “I became dismissive about signs and symptoms. From our parents and our grandparents, they just carried on.

“I hardly heard the word menopause spoken about in my household. We never had things like hot flushes, itchy skin and tiredness.

“So for us to start talking about menopause, there is a taboo around it. A taboo that comes from ignorance but also not being willing to educate ourselves.

“We as women of colour, societies of colour, we have a lot of taboo subjects, which now have to be highlighted with the generation today.

“However, with the modern day, society is changing. And we hope programmes like this can actually be well received.”

Daisy Ayebale, from Jersey, added: “I think it’s important we are listened to. We need the right information from the experts, but we have also been overlooked when it comes to the healthcare system.

“We need to know this information before it’s too late, before you’re gambling with your health. We are glad to be changing the narrative, we are glad to be changing things right now. We are very hopeful.”

Research shows that black women are more likely to experience menopausal symptoms earlier, more intensely and for longer.

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Entrepreneur

TidalSense raises £14m to expand five-minute COPD test across NHS

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Cambridge health tech company TidalSense has secured £14.2m in funding led by Cross-Border Impact Ventures to expand its AI-powered lung disease test across the NHS and into Europe and the US.

The investment, which also includes returning backers BGF, Airstream Capital and Foresight Group, will fund the rollout of a handheld diagnostic device that can detect chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in as little as five minutes.

It will also support the development of software to diagnose asthma using the same platform.

Donna Parr is managing partner at Cross-Border Impact Ventures.

She said: We look for technology that doesn’t just have a compelling story, but a body of clinical evidence behind it.

“TidalSense has both, with a CEO who has lived the problem she’s solving, and a product that’s already live within the NHS healthcare environment, saving time for patients who have waited years for an answer.

“It is also technology that can improve access to appropriate treatment for COPD sufferers on a global basis and especially for women who are often misdiagnosed.

“This is exactly the kind of impact we want to make with our investments.”

COPD, a progressive condition that restricts airflow and makes breathing increasingly difficult, is the third leading cause of death in England, according to the NHS.

It is responsible for about 30,000 deaths each year and costs the health service an estimated £1.9bn annually.

The company believes its technology could transform how respiratory disease is diagnosed by replacing the need for conventional spirometry in many settings.

Patients simply breathe normally into the handheld device for 75 seconds while artificial intelligence analyses the breath in real time.

A diagnosis is then displayed on screen, allowing clinicians to complete the entire process in around five minutes.

TidalSense says the technology allows clinicians to assess as many as six patients an hour, compared with roughly one an hour using spirometry, which has remained the standard diagnostic test for COPD despite changing little since it was first developed in the 19th century.

Spirometry requires patients to perform forceful breathing manoeuvres and typically needs specialist staff to administer.

TidalSense chief executive Ameera Patel said: “Our ambition is really bold and broad, and it is to have a really significant impact at a population level on chronic respiratory diseases like COPD and asthma.

“We want the test to be available to anyone the first time they present with symptoms, so there’s no bias in accessibility based on where you live, your socio-economic status or your ethnicity.”

Founded in 2013 by chief engineering officer Julian Carter, who holds a PhD in microelectronics and has more than 35 years’ experience developing medical devices, TidalSense has spent more than a decade building the technology.

Its AI models have been trained on more than 2.5 million recorded breaths to identify the distinctive patterns associated with COPD.

The device was introduced into the NHS last year and is now being used by public health providers in Suffolk, north-east Essex, Wales, Glasgow and community lung screening clinics across the south of England.

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Pregnancy

Women should not be pressured into an ‘ideal birth’, says health secretary

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Women should not feel pressured into an “ideal birth”, health secretary Yvette Cooper has said as she promised major maternity reform.

Cooper has returned to the Department of Health and Social Care 27 years after serving as public health minister under Tony Blair.

She said maternity and child health would be a major focus of her new role, alongside significant reforms to social care.

In an interview with the Guardian, Cooper said the changes should address any pressure on women to pursue a particular birth experience.

Families affected by maternity failures have repeatedly raised concerns that some units were reluctant to escalate medical interventions because of a preference for more natural births.

Cooper said: “I would worry about any mum feeling pressurised that there is somehow a kind of an ideal birth experience to live up to when it’s always different in every case, and you have to follow the evidence, you have to have informed choice.”

As one of her first actions as health secretary, Cooper said she intended to reintroduce binding national maternity standards.

The standards were dismantled during early Conservative NHS reforms and replaced with fragmented arrangements managed separately by individual hospital trusts.

A new maternity taskforce will draft the standards, which will have five central aims.

These include ending regional differences in levels of care and tackling racial inequalities linked to poorer outcomes in deprived areas, particularly for Black and Asian women.

Patient experiences will also form part of how standards are measured, while new targets will aim to identify underperformance before a major scandal develops.

Cooper, who became the first minister to take maternity leave while serving as a junior health minister in the early 2000s, said reports into maternity scandals had been “traumatic” to read and showed that systemic change was needed.

She said: “We’ve always said the NHS is about the cradle to the grave. I want to make it a personal crusade to put the cradle back at the heart of the NHS, and to have much more focus around maternity and child health, the very beginning of a family’s life, making that much more central to the priorities of the NHS, giving it the priority that it really deserves.”

Cooper said discussions about how maternity services could better listen to mothers’ needs had been taking place for the past two decades.

However, she said the emphasis on placing women and families at the centre of care appeared to have been lost.

She said: “It feels incomprehensible that we could be in this situation in the 2020s. I went back to look at some of the things that we’d done 25 years ago.

“And what did strike me was how much we were talking then about women and families being at the centre of care and about listening to women’s views.

“It is really shocking and distressing feeling that has somehow been lost in some of the maternity units where actually it should be the central issue.

“I had a direct interest. I was pregnant at the time. But I am really struck by it now, just feeling like there is this big gap in the priorities that the NHS has been focused on.”

Cooper said she was determined to provide a robust response to Donna Ockenden’s investigations into maternity failures at Shrewsbury and Telford and Nottingham, alongside Baroness Valerie Amos’s national investigation into England’s maternity system.

The investigations highlighted systemic clinical errors, understaffing and toxic institutional cultures. They found that hundreds of infant and maternal deaths were directly linked to failures to listen to mothers and defensive attempts to protect institutions.

Amos’s review faced criticism, including the resignation of an expert adviser over the lack of explicit warnings about “normal birth ideology”.

Families also questioned whether the review’s proposed statutory maternity commissioner would have sufficient independence.

Cooper said she remained committed to introducing the role.

She said: “In the end, the most important people in the maternity services are the mothers, babies, the families. But the point of having a maternity commissioner is to make sure that those issues are championed as part of an NHS.”

She also said reforms needed to address an oppositional culture between doctors and midwives in some trusts over when medical intervention during birth may be necessary.

Cooper said: “The thing that struck me most was the sense of women feeling they weren’t being listened to … And I think that probably does go back to issues around culture.”

Cooper, who served as foreign secretary until recently, said she was prepared for a difficult period in the health role as she sought to implement Andy Burnham’s social care reforms.

She said she remained committed to establishing the national care service announced by the prime minister the previous week.

A longstanding ally of former prime minister Keir Starmer and a former rival of Burnham in the 2015 Labour leadership contest, Cooper said she believed the change of prime minister had been necessary.

She said: “Of course it’s not easy. I really did not think it was possible to win the election when I came back into the shadow cabinet in 2022. It’s only because of what Keir did that we managed to win.

“But we had very difficult local election results … we have to respond to that. But I think we’ve got a sense of energy now.

“All of the things that Andy wants to focus on and drive are also just very much the things that that people are concerned about across the country.”

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