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Can period trackers support better healthcare?

By Amanda Shea, head of science at Clue

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When the pain and health concerns of women and people with cycles are still so often normalised or brushed off as imagined, period tracking is becoming an increasingly powerful tool for better, more personalised healthcare support.

Clue, together with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, recently conducted a study looking into how self-tracked data in period tracking apps can support more accurate diagnoses and individualised management of conditions like heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB).

Estimated to impact around 30 per cent of women, HMB has long been difficult to diagnose, often going under-recognised.

This is thanks, at least in part, to the normalisation of pain and problem periods as something you “just have to live with”.

Different people may have vastly different understandings of what constitutes a heavy period – with personal bias and cultural norms coming into play.

Consider, for example, the perception of someone who comes from a family where heavy periods are considered the norm and complaints are considered an overreaction.

Such people may downplay their own experience and not be likely to seek help, or to even acknowledge their period as being heavy, despite having the clinical symptoms.

Where HMB was previously clinically defined as the loss of more than 80mL of blood in one menstrual period diagnostics have recently shifted toward a more holistic understanding of what makes a period “heavy”. And it’s much more than blood loss alone.

Many clinical organisations now define HMB as excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a person’s physical, social, emotional, or material quality of life.

This shift in definition was both necessary (anyone measured their menstrual blood loss lately?) and long overdue.

In one study, only 26 per cent of people who described their period as “heavy”, actually had blood loss higher than the 80 mL clinical norm.

Removing standardised clinical criteria for diagnosing conditions like HMB increases the need to more thoroughly understand individual experiences.

As a period tracking app with a large, diverse user base and unprecedented dataset, at Clue, we were interested in how self-tracked data could support more accurate diagnoses and personalised healthcare by informing individual assessments of HMB.

Our study compared the de-identified real-time tracked data of over 6500 consenting Clue users, to their responses to an online questionnaire which asked them about their last period.

We found that for those who reported having a heavy or very heavy period in the questionnaire, actual flow heaviness was not always the most influential factor.

Instead of just days of heavy flow, period “heaviness” was associated with a variety of additional factors including increased app-tracked period length, increased pain and other physical symptoms such as fatigue and digestive issues, as well as greater disruption of daily activities such as the ability to participate in sexual activity, social and leisure activities, school or work.

Notably, almost 20 per cent of respondents who stated that they had heavy or very heavy periods had not tracked any days of heavy flow, but did track period length and quality of life indicators such as pain and disruptions to daily life similar to those who had tracked heavy flow.

This reinforces why a personalised approach is needed for healthcare support, as the characteristics of individual definitions of “heavy menstrual bleeding” – while sharing some similarities – can vary considerably from person to person.

To support those who are experiencing disruptive menstrual periods or other reproductive health challenges, a holistic approach to care is essential.

Apps like Clue can facilitate quick and simple tracking of a variety of cycle-related experiences in real-time, including things like pain, sleep, mood, and energy.

Our study also found that those who experienced long periods were more likely to underestimate their number of bleeding days, even in their most recent periods, underlying another challenge for accurate diagnoses.

By removing the burden of having to accurately recall previous periods or subtle changes over time, one’s tracked period data can become a powerful, detailed health record – and the basis for more confidently self-advocating with your healthcare provider, through having a deeper understanding of your unique patterns and concerns.

User centric, personalised, digital healthcare is the next frontier. We’re just beginning to see what’s possible when self-tracking can help give women and people with cycles the self-knowledge, insight, and data to back up and validate experiences that have otherwise been invisible and hard to communicate and quantify to their healthcare providers.

 

Amanda Shea is the head of science at the Berlin-based period tracker app Clue.

Opinion

Emotions are data: The missing layer in femtech’s measurement era

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By Zahra Bhatti, founder and CEO, Véa

We are living through a measurement boom.

Wrist-worn wearables ship in the hundreds of millions IDC forecast worldwide shipments at 537.9 million units in 2024, with 136.5 million units shipped in Q2 2025 alone.

We can track steps, sleep stages, heart rate, HRV, temperature, glucose variability and recovery scores.

We have never had more physiological insight into the human body.

So why are women still burning out? Still overwhelmed? Still carrying invisible cognitive load that never appears on a single dashboard?

If the data revolution in health tech was supposed to empower women, why do so many feel more monitored than supported?

A number on your wrist can tell you what happened in your body. It rarely tells you why it happened, what it meant or what you need next.

That missing layer is emotional data. And femtech is uniquely positioned to build it.

We Built Dashboards. We Didn’t Build Interpretation.

Picture this.

It’s 6:47am. You’ve been up since 4 with a teething toddler, made packed lunches on autopilot, managed a meltdown at the school gates and arrived at your desk already running on fumes.

Your watch buzzes. Sleep score: 38. Stress: High. Recovery: Poor. Thanks. You already knew.

This is the problem no one in health tech wants to name.

Wearables are extraordinary at capturing signals but measurement without meaning stops at awareness.

Your HRV dips and a notification pings. It cannot tell you whether that dip came from the argument you didn’t finish with your partner, the guilt of missing bedtime again, the weight of being the only one who remembers the GP appointment or the hormonal crash of your luteal phase hitting while all of it lands at once.

The sensor caught the signal but it missed the entire story.

The evidence backs up what women already feel in their bones.

While activity trackers can increase step counts, a Lancet Digital Health umbrella review found their effect on broader psychological wellbeing is limited.

A 2024 systematic review went further, calling the evidence for wearables improving mental health “extremely limited”.

The sensors work but the interpretation doesn’t. That gap between data and meaning is exactly where women fall through.

Women’s Mental Health Is Not a Niche Concern. It Is a Systems Failure.

Consider the architecture of burden women navigate daily.

Depression is approximately 1.5 times more common among women than men, according to the World Health Organization.

The gender gap emerges at puberty and persists through the lifespan, driven by biological, psychological and social factors that compound over decades.

In the UK, 26.2 per cent of women reported high anxiety in the most recent ONS quarterly data, compared with 18.8 per cent of men – a gap that has remained statistically significant for over a decade.

But here is the question nobody in wellness tech seems to be asking: where does all that invisible labour live in the data?

Globally, women perform 2.5 times more unpaid care and domestic work than men.

That is time, emotional bandwidth and cognitive effort that never surfaces in economic metrics or health dashboards.

Forty-five percent of working-age women are outside the labour force because of unpaid care responsibilities, compared with just 5 per cent of men.

For those who do stay at work, the toll compounds: CIPD research found that 67 per cent of women aged 40–60 experiencing menopause symptoms report a mostly negative impact at work, with 79 per cent feeling less able to concentrate and one in six considering leaving their role entirely.

These are not isolated statistics.

They describe accumulated cognitive and emotional load across a lifetime a compounding interest of stress that no single intervention can repay.

Yet most wellness technologies still focus on optimisation metrics such as: output, recovery, movement and productivity.

Women do not simply need better tracking. They need systems that reduce the burden of self-interpretation.

When did we decide that measuring a woman’s body was more important than understanding what she’s carrying inside it?

Emotions Are Not Soft Signals. They Are Early Data.

Emotions are routinely dismissed as subjective, anecdotal and too messy to measure.

But from a systems perspective, they are high-frequency signals about safety versus threat, capacity versus overload, connection versus isolation and alignment versus self-betrayal.

They are early-warning indicators arriving long before burnout becomes clinical, long before sleep deteriorates especially long before productivity drops.

Physiology lags behind the emotional moment.

Your heart rate spikes after the confrontation. Your sleep fragments after a week of over-functioning. Your inflammation markers will never capture the micro-stresses that accumulated all day. Emotions do.

They are the body’s first responders faster than cortisol, more specific than HRV, more honest than any self-reported wellness score.

When emotional data is captured consistently, patterns emerge that no wearable can detect alone: anxiety clustering after specific meetings, energy dipping during certain cycle phases, irritability rising after relational overextension, creative clarity following solitude or movement.

This is not mood tracking for novelty. This becomes behavioural pattern recognition – the diagnostic layer women have been missing and needing.

From Self-Optimisation to Self-Understanding

We have built extraordinary tools to measure the female body.

We have not yet built infrastructure to interpret the emotional load women carry daily, the invisible labour, the relational tension, the hormonal transitions and most importantly the resulting cognitive overload.

These forces rarely appear in a recovery score rather they show up unmistakably in emotional patterns.

Imagine: a wearable detects sustained stress variability. An emotional check-in identifies relational strain. Context shows deadline pressure and reduced recovery. The system responds not with another metric, but with a small, realistic intervention that fits your life.

From dashboard to preventative mental health infrastructure. THIS is the golden opportunity femtech has to lead.

When emotions are treated as structured, longitudinal data rather than vague self-expression, they become a preventative signal.

They reveal when capacity is shrinking, when boundaries are leaking, when resilience is building. They show what no heart rate monitor ever could: the moment a woman stops prioritising herself, and the pattern that follows.

This shift is already beginning.

Platforms like Véa are building emotional operating systems that treat emotions as legitimate health data translating micro-check-ins and pattern recognition into contextual insight, reducing the invisible labour of self-analysis rather than adding to it.

Not more optimisation. Not more self-surveillance. Structured self-understanding that actually lightens the load.

In a world saturated with metrics, the competitive advantage is no longer more data. It is better meaning.

Emotions remain the most underutilised dataset in women’s health. Femtech has the infrastructure, the audience and the moment to build the missing layer.

The question is whether it will.

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Insight

Blood test predicts dementia 25 years before symptoms begin

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A blood test could predict dementia risk in women up to 25 years before symptoms appear, new research suggests.

Researchers from the University of California San Diego reported the findings on 10 March 2026, showing that higher levels of phosphorylated tau 217, or p-tau217, were strongly associated with future mild cognitive impairment, meaning early memory or thinking problems, and dementia.

The findings are based on data from 2,766 participants in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study, a large national study in the US.

The women were aged 65 to 79, cognitively healthy when they enrolled in the late 1990s and followed for up to 25 years.

Blood samples collected at baseline, meaning at the start of the study, were analysed years later to measure p-tau217, a form of tau protein linked to the brain changes seen in Alzheimer’s disease.

Over the follow-up period, women with higher levels of p-tau217 in their blood at the outset were much more likely to develop dementia later in life.

As levels of the biomarker increased, so did the risk, with women who had the highest levels facing the greatest likelihood of developing dementia over the long term.

Aladdin Shadyab, first author and associate professor of public health and medicine at UC San Diego, said: “Our study suggests we may be able to identify women at elevated risk for dementia decades before symptoms emerge.

“That kind of long lead time opens the door to earlier prevention strategies and more targeted monitoring, rather than waiting until memory problems are already affecting daily life.”

However, the researchers found the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia linked to higher p-tau217 levels was not the same for everyone.

Higher levels were more strongly associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in women over 70 than in those younger than 70 at the start of the study, and in those carrying the APOE ε4 gene, a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.

The study also found that p-tau217 was more predictive of dementia among women who had been randomised to oestrogen plus progestin hormone therapy than among those given a placebo.

The strength of the association also differed between white and Black women, though combining p-tau217 with age improved dementia prediction similarly in both groups.

Linda McEvoy, senior author, senior investigator at Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute and professor emeritus at the Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, said: “Blood-based biomarkers like p-tau217 are especially promising because they are far less invasive and potentially more accessible than brain imaging or spinal fluid tests.

“This is important for accelerating research into the factors that affect risk of dementia and for evaluating strategies that may reduce risk.”

Blood-based biomarkers are not currently recommended for clinical use in people without symptoms of cognitive impairment.

The authors noted that additional studies are needed to determine how p-tau217 testing might be used in routine clinical care and whether early identification can meaningfully change outcomes.

Future research will also explore how factors such as hormone therapy, genetics and age-related health conditions interact with plasma p-tau217 over the course of someone’s life to affect dementia risk.

Shadyab added: “Ultimately, the goal is not just prediction, but using that knowledge to delay or prevent dementia altogether.”

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The NHS doesn’t have a productivity problem: It has a precision problem

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By Dr Melinda Rees, CEO, Psyomics

Spend enough time in the NHS and you stop flinching at the word “productivity”.

You hear it in every strategy document, every board meeting, every government announcement.

And almost every time, it means the same thing: do more with less.

It’s the wrong framing.

After 25 years working in and around clinical services – from NHS leadership to service delivery in the independent sector to where I am building technology that works with NHS mental health services – I’d argue it’s part of why progress has been so hard to achieve and sustain.

Productivity in healthcare shouldn’t mean squeezing more out of an already over stretched workforce.

It should mean something more precise: delivering greater value per pound by protecting and deploying finite clinical expertise intelligently.

That distinction sounds subtle. In practice, it changes everything about how you approach the problem.

The demand side of this equation isn’t going to get easier.

Multi-morbidity is rising. Mental health need is growing. Cases are more complex, and patient expectations – rightly – are higher.

The assumption that we can recruit our way out of this is understandable but wrong.

Training pipelines take years. Financial resources are finite. Even in an optimistic scenario, workforce expansion alone doesn’t close the gap.

So, the real question isn’t how do we get more clinicians. It’s whether we’re deploying the ones we have with maximum precision.

And honestly, in most services, the answer is no.

  • Clinical time – the most valuable finite resource in the system – is routinely lost to things that have nothing to do with clinical decision-making.
  • Administration.
  • Repetitive documentation.
  • Poor workflow.
  • Systems that don’t share information across boundaries.
  • Inconsistent and variable clinical decision-making.
  • Referrals that shouldn’t have reached a specialist clinic in the first place.
  • Reactive care models that wait for deterioration rather than anticipating it.
  • Gathering baseline information that could have been collected earlier, more consistently, and without the clinician in the room.

Meanwhile, the waiting list grows.

This isn’t a motivation problem or a workforce culture problem. It’s a system design problem.

And it’s solvable – meaningfully – if we’re willing to rethink how technology fits into the picture.

The challenge with digital implementation in the NHS has rarely been the technology itself – it’s been layering new tools onto processes that were already under strain.

A new system that digitises an inefficient workflow is still an inefficient workflow.

Real productivity gains come when technology is used to redesign how work actually happens – not just record it.

In practice, that means four things.

First, automating the tasks that don’t require clinical expertise – structured data capture, digital triage, standardised assessment pathways.

Every minute saved on documentation is a minute returned to care. At scale, those minutes add up fast.

Second, bringing patients into the process earlier.

When a patient contributes structured, meaningful information before their first appointment, the clinician and patient have a great head start.

Better routing, smarter questions, faster and safer decisions, quicker access to the right treatment.

Third, monitoring caseloads intelligently.

Utilising tools that flag deterioration or signal when a care plan needs to change, rather than waiting for a crisis to trigger a review.

Finally fourth, making sure every appointment actually advances care. That sounds obvious.

In practice, without recorded structured outcome data, it’s surprisingly hard to know.

None of this requires drastic AI transformation or futuristic promises.

Some of the biggest gains come from making simple workflow tasks consistent and seamless – the kind of unglamorous operational improvement that doesn’t make headlines but compounds quietly across thousands of patient interactions and increases productivity.

A 1-2 per cent productivity gain per clinician sounds modest.

At NHS scale, across millions of appointments, it isn’t. It’s the difference between a system grinding and one with genuine headroom to breathe.

It’s the difference between your close relative being able to get an appointment when they genuinely need one or languishing on a waiting list with little hope.

I think about this a lot through the lens of mental health services specifically, where I’ve spent most of my career and where Psyomics works.

Mental health has historically been underfunded and under-prioritised – something that disproportionately affects women, both as patients and as the clinicians and carers holding those services together.

The pressure to do more with less lands hardest here. And the argument that productivity means working harder is, in this context, particularly damaging.

Burnout in mental health services isn’t a footnote. It’s a crisis within a crisis.

The better argument – the one I’d like to see shape NHS policy – is that productivity means precision.

Precision in how we route patients. Precision in how we use structured data to reduce variation and improve decisions. Precision in how we protect clinical time for the work that only a skilled clinician can do and loves to do.

That’s not a technology story, exactly. It’s a system design story, in which technology plays an enabling role.

The NHS doesn’t need to do more with less.

The goal isn’t harder-working, exhausted clinicians – it’s smarter-working, compassionate enabled clinicians, and patients who are seen sooner.

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