Women with diabetes are less likely to get preventive care than those without the condition, a UCLA-led study suggests.

The findings are based on an analysis of more than 40 studies from several countries.

They highlight how physicians largely overlook the importance of these routine services for women who have diabetes mellitus, or DM, putting them at risk of preventable medical conditions such as pregnancy complications.

Lauren Wisk is associate professor of medicine in the division of general internal medicine and health services research at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and senior author on the study.

She said: “These findings are important because they identify that women with diabetes are not receiving recommended well-woman care, which is essential to support both managing their diabetes and their overall health.

“Providers need to be aware that they should not forget to provide these essential services for women with diabetes.”

The researchers sifted through thousands of studies, focusing on the concepts of women, diabetes and women’s health services, and settled on 44 that addressed treatment services for women aged 15 to 49 with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, excluding those with diabetes insipidus or gestational diabetes.

They looked at four preventive health service categories: contraceptive counselling and use, breast and cervical cancer screening, pre-conception counselling, and screening for sexually transmitted infections.

One study found that 48 per cent of women with diabetes received contraceptive services compared with 62 per cent of women without the disease.

Nine papers showed cervical cancer screening rates ranging from 38 to 79 per cent for women with diabetes compared with 46 to 86 per cent for those without diabetes.

Four studies found that breast cancer screening rates for women with diabetes ranged between 38 and 69 per cent compared with 54 and 82 per cent for those without diabetes.

Fourteen studies found pre-conception counselling rates of just over 1 per cent compared with 46 per cent for women with diabetes who are planning to get pregnant.

The researchers did not identify any studies on screening for sexually transmitted infections, which they said represents “a substantial gap in the literature.”

The researchers wrote: “One of the more striking findings of this review is the importance of robust coordinated care teams in ensuring access to appropriate services for women with DM.

“Several of the identified studies provide support that a co-management model, or the concept of involving endocrinology, primary care, and other specialty care providers in the care of individuals with DM, as recommended by the American Diabetes Association, is associated with greater receipt of services.”

Within the time constraints of an office visit, primary care physicians are expected to address preventative health needs as well as chronic disease management, said Dr Lisa Kransdorf, an associate clinical professor of medicine at the Geffen School and a study co-author.

She said chronic disease management will often take priority.

“In cases where the patient has other providers such as specialists and clinical pharmacists actively involved in their chronic disease management, there is opportunity for primary care physicians to attend to preventative care gaps,” the researcher added:

There are some limitations to the findings.

The search yielded only 44 studies, many of which relied on patient recall, which can be unreliable, highlighting the need for further research.

In addition, most of the studies analysed had small sample sizes or were conducted at a single site, limiting how applicable the findings might be in other settings.

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Women who stay active through midlife have about half the risk of early death from any cause as women who remain inactive, a study suggests.

Physical activity is known to bring a range of health benefits and lower the risk of chronic disease and premature death.

But most earlier studies measured activity at only one point in time, which does not show how exercise habits change over the years.

Binh Nguyen of the University of Sydney said: “Staying active throughout midlife can make a real difference for women’s long-term health.

“Our study shows that maintaining recommended levels of physical activity over multiple years helps protect against early death.”

The research used data from 11,169 women born between 1946 and 1951 who took part in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health.

They were surveyed nine times between 1996 and 2019, about every three years. Researchers looked at how often they met the World Health Organization recommendation of at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity a week.

The study found that consistently meeting those recommendations through midlife was linked to a relative risk of death from any cause that was half that of women who consistently did not meet them.

In absolute terms, the death rate was 5.3 per cent among women who consistently met the guidelines, compared with 10.4 per cent among those who consistently did not.

The effect appeared similar, or possibly stronger, for deaths linked to cardiovascular disease and cancer, although those findings were less certain, possibly because fewer deaths from those causes were recorded.

Cardiovascular disease refers to conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels.

The evidence for starting to meet the recommendations later in midlife, at age 55, 60 or 65 rather than across all of midlife, was also uncertain and inconclusive.

The study was limited by the fact that physical activity was self-reported and that the sample may not represent all mid-aged Australian women.

The authors wrote: “This study supports the growing evidence that maintaining an active lifestyle in midlife provides health benefits.

“Women should be encouraged to meet physical activity recommendations throughout mid-age to derive these benefits.”