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Jill Biden visits Imperial on women’s health and AMR mission
Former US first lady Dr Jill Biden visited Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London to explore work on women’s health and antimicrobial resistance.
The visit was hosted by professor the Lord Darzi of Denham, who chairs the Fleming Initiative and directs Imperial’s Institute of Global Health Innovation.
Dr Biden, chair of the Milken Institute’s Women’s Health Network, spoke about the impact scientists, clinicians, innovators and investors can have on improving women’s healthcare.
Dr Biden stressed the importance of “collaboration, prevention and education” in improving women’s health globally.
At the museum, Dr Biden and Esther Krofah, executive vice-president of health at the Milken Institute, heard about the worldwide significance of the discovery and the contribution of women who, during wartime Britain, grew penicillin in bedpans to support early experimentation.
The discussion also explored how AMR is a key women’s health issue, with women disproportionately affected in low and middle-income countries, and in high-income settings where women are more likely than men to be prescribed antibiotics.
Dr Biden was shown an architectural model of the Fleming Centre in Paddington, which will bring together research, policy and public engagement to address AMR worldwide.
The second part of the visit brought together Imperial clinicians, researchers and innovators for a roundtable on women’s health priorities, including improving diagnosis, equity in maternity care and support during the menopause transition.
Participants highlighted wide variation in the quality of care for conditions affecting women and called for fairer access to services, with the postcode lottery named as a priority to address.
Professor Tom Bourne, consultant gynaecologist and chair in gynaecology at Imperial’s Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, described how AI could improve diagnostic accuracy for conditions such as endometriosis.
Equity emerged as a central theme.
Professor Alison Holmes, professor of infectious diseases at Imperial College London and director of the Fleming Initiative, highlighted persistent gaps in women’s representation in clinical trials, including antibiotic studies, which limits the ability to optimise care and treatments.
Dr Christine Ekechi, consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, drew on national maternity investigations to underline the importance of valid data, meaningful engagement with affected communities and rebuilding trust.
Menopause and midlife health were also identified as priorities for clinical research.
Professor Waljit Dhillo, consultant endocrinologist and professor of endocrinology and metabolism in Imperial’s Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, described a new treatment for hot flushes, including for women unable to take hormone replacement therapy, such as those with a history of breast cancer.
The discussion then turned to bringing innovation into health systems. Innovators shared how data and technology are being used to close gaps in women’s health, while noting challenges in accessing funding to grow and scale.
Dr Helen O’Neill and Dr Deidre O’Neill, co-founders of Hertility Health, described predictive algorithms using self-reported data to help diagnose gynaecological conditions at scale.
Embedded into clinical workflows, the technology could reduce waiting times, identify conditions earlier and improve outcomes. They noted how “we have cures for the rarest genetic conditions but don’t even have the answers to common women’s health issues.”
Dr Lydia Mapstone, Dr Tara O’Driscoll and Dr Sioned Jones, co-founders of BoobyBiome, outlined work creating products that harness beneficial bacteria found in breast milk to support infant health.
By isolating and characterising key microbial strains, BoobyBiome has created synbiotics, combinations of beneficial bacteria and the food that nourishes them, to make these benefits accessible to all babies.
Speakers throughout the visit stressed the need to reduce variation in care quality and outcomes for women, strengthen prevention and education, and address power and equity in women’s health.
Professor the Lord Ara Darzi said: “It was a privilege to welcome Dr Biden and the Milken Institute to Imperial to meet some of the outstanding researchers, clinicians and innovators advancing women’s health.
“Imperial’s unique combination of clinical excellence and world-leading research positions us at the forefront of tackling the biggest health challenges facing society and the UK’s ambition for innovation demands nothing less.
“For too long, the health needs of women and girls across their life course have not received the attention they deserve.
“By working together across borders and disciplines, we can transform equitable access to care, accelerate the detection and treatment of disease, and ultimately improve health outcomes for millions of women in the UK and around the world.”
Pregnancy complications may leave women more vulnerable to the long-term heart effects of stress, a recent study suggests.
A study of more than 3,000 women in their first pregnancy found persistently higher stress levels were associated with higher blood pressure after pregnancy, specifically in women who had adverse pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia, preterm birth, having a baby that was small for gestational age, meaning smaller than expected for that stage of pregnancy, or stillbirth.
Among women who experienced these complications, higher stress levels over time were associated with blood pressure that was 2 mm Hg higher than that of the low-stress group during the years two to seven after delivery.
This was not the case among women who did not experience adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Virginia Nuckols, lead author of the study and a postdoctoral fellow in the University of Delaware’s department of kinesiology and applied physiology, said: “For women who were having babies for the first time and had complications, referred to as adverse pregnancy outcomes, we found that higher stress levels over time were associated with higher blood pressure levels 2-to-7 years after delivery.
“This suggests that women who had pregnancy complications may be more susceptible to the negative effects of stress on their heart health, and taking steps to manage and reduce stress could be important for protecting long-term heart health.”
The researchers analysed records of 3,322 first-time mothers aged 15 to 44 who did not have high blood pressure before pregnancy.
The women were enrolled at 17 medical centres in eight US states, were pregnant with one baby and were having their first child. According to the authors, 66 per cent of participants self-identified as white, 14 per cent as Hispanic and 11 per cent as Black.
Blood pressure and stress levels were measured during the first and third trimesters, and again two to seven years after delivery.
Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, a standard questionnaire that asks how often people feel situations are uncontrollable, unpredictable or overwhelming.
Those who experienced moderate to high stress levels were often younger, between 25 and 27 years of age, had higher body mass index, a measure based on height and weight, and lower educational attainment.
The authors said it is not yet clear exactly how higher stress leads to higher blood pressure in women who had pregnancy complications, and that several factors are likely to be involved.
Nuckols added: “Future studies should examine why women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes may be more susceptible to stress-driven increases in blood pressure and test whether stress reduction interventions can actually lower cardiovascular risk for these women.”
High blood pressure during pregnancy can have lasting effects on maternal health, including preeclampsia, eclampsia, stroke or kidney problems, according to the American Heart Association’s 2025 guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults.
Monitoring blood pressure before, during and after pregnancy is crucial to help prevent and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
Laxmi Mehta is chair of the American Heart Association’s Council on Clinical Cardiology and director of preventive cardiology and women’s cardiovascular health at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, and was not involved in the study.
Mehta said;’ “This study highlights the powerful connection between the mind and heart, emphasising the importance of stress management, particularly for those who have experienced adverse pregnancy outcomes.
“For the clinical care team, it reinforces the need to proactively assess and address stress as part of the comprehensive care we provide to our patients.
“Future research on whether targeted interventions to reduce or manage stress has a meaningful impact on long-term cardiovascular outcomes will be important as well.”
AI could help routine mammograms spot heart disease risk in women, as well as breast cancer, researchers have found.
A team from Emory University analysed regular screening scans from more than 123,000 women who had no prior history of cardiovascular disease.
Using an AI programme to quantify calcification and hardening in the arteries, they found women with severe cases had two to three times the risk of developing potentially fatal heart attacks, stroke and heart failure.
“This was true even in younger women under 50, a group often considered low-risk, and held up after accounting for other risk factors like diabetes and smoking,” said Hari Trivedi, Emory associate professor and co-director of the university’s Health Innovation and Translational Informatics lab, who described the research as the largest study of its kind.
“We wanted to test whether AI could use this to identify women at risk of cardiovascular disease at no extra cost or inconvenience.
“”For women, this means a mammogram you’re already having could also provide important information about your heart health, prompting a conversation with your doctor about preventive steps such as cholesterol testing or medication.”
The researchers’ work was published today in the European Heart Journal, from the European Society of Cardiology, which noted that women are largely underdiagnosed and undertreated for cardiovascular disease.
They wrote that the high resolution of routine mammograms could allow for essentially automatic, direct visualisation of the arterial beds within the breasts of nearly all adult women, with calcifications easy to detect and correlated with deposits found in other parts of the body.
The researchers said that, compared with imaging of the heart’s coronary arteries, where blockages narrow and impede the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, calcifications in breast tissue affect a separate layer of the vessel, resulting in increased artery stiffness, a measure typically linked to long-term hypertension.
They described the finding as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and a potentially useful addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
In an accompanying editorial, Lori Daniels, a cardiologist and professor of medicine at the UC San Diego School of Medicine, said that while fewer than 40 per cent of women may know their cholesterol levels, many more are up to date with their breast cancer screening.
“Two-thirds of women aged 50-69 in the European Union reported a mammogram within the prior 2 years, and in the USA, nearly 70 per cent of women aged 45 years and older were up to date with mammography according to American Cancer Society screening guidelines,” Daniels wrote.
“Breast arterial calcification has the potential to reframe this mismatch, leveraging a widely adopted cancer-screening platform to identify cardiovascular risk in women who may not otherwise engage with prevention.”
A blood test for endometriosis showed clinical promise after detecting cases missed by standard imaging, according to a clinical validation study.
HerAnova Lifesciences has published a peer-reviewed clinical validation study of its HerResolve blood test for endometriosis in the Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, the official journal of the AAGL.
The multi-centre study enrolled 298 women of reproductive age across 11 clinical sites in the US, Europe and Hong Kong.
The study population was 75.8 per cent white, 9.7 per cent Black, 9.1 per cent Asian and 5 per cent non-white Hispanic participants.
It found the test identified 61.5 per cent of histologically confirmed endometriosis cases that were missed by transvaginal ultrasound and or MRI scans.
All results were validated against the gold standard of laparoscopic findings with histopathological tissue confirmation.
The headline numbers were an AUC of 0.944, specificity of 97.5 per cent and sensitivity of 80 per cent. The high specificity was a deliberate design choice, with the model optimised to minimise false positives and reduce unnecessary invasive procedures. Performance was also consistent across menstrual phases.
The blood test, called HerResolve, is a multi-omic blood-based assay that combines three serum microRNA biomarkers, three protein biomarkers, one steroid hormone, patient age and BMI into a machine learning algorithm to detect endometriosis.
Farideh Bischoff, chief medical officer at HerAnova and corresponding author of the study, said: “Endometriosis has long been one of the most underdiagnosed and undertreated conditions in women’s health.
“HerResolve was designed to work alongside existing imaging and clinical evaluation, filling a critical gap in non-invasive disease detection.”
The test is currently available at select IVF and reproductive medicine centres across the US and is positioned as a triage tool, helping identify patients who may benefit from further evaluation or empirical treatment rather than replacing surgery entirely, but potentially reserving it for treatment rather than diagnosis.
A prospective validation study is underway in geographically and ethnically diverse populations, and HerAnova is also pursuing longitudinal analyses to evaluate whether the assay can monitor treatment response over time.
Endometriosis affects approximately one in 10 women of reproductive age, yet the average diagnostic delay remains six to 11 years.
The current gold standard, laparoscopic surgery, is invasive, dependent on surgeon skill and not without risk, making a reliable non-invasive alternative one of the most sought-after tools in women’s health diagnostics.
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