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Cancer

Study links vaginal microbiome differences to higher cervical cancer rates

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A recent study has found that Native American women were disproportionately affected by vaginal dysbiosis, a disruption in the balance of bacterial that increases the risk of human papillomavirus infection, which can cause cervical cancer.

In Arizona between 2016 and 2020, Hispanic and American Indian/Alaska Native women had the highest rates of cervical cancer.

“Despite vaccination, we still have high rates of cervical cancer within Latina and Native American populations,” said the paper’s senior author Melissa Herbst-Kralovetz.

“Rates in Native American populations are the highest, and that’s why we focused our efforts on better understanding this disparity.”

The pilot study was part of the Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention, a 25-year programme between the U of A and Northern Arizona University supported by the National Cancer Institute.

“The study is unique in that we are doing it through the lens of Indigenous people and researchers,” said Naomi Lee, an associate professor at NAU, explaining that the research team consists primarily of females from Indigenous populations and experts who have worked with diverse communities.

“We are working with community members to gain their perspectives on various aspects of the project along with culturally competent ways to recruit and disseminate findings.”

For the study, researchers collaborated with Native Americans for Community Action, a wellness clinic in Flagstaff, Arizona, to recruit 31 premenopausal women between the ages of 18 and 55. About half of the women were Native American.

Two vaginal swabs were collected from each study participant and analysed. Researchers found that Lactobacillus microorganisms, which protect against invading pathogens as part of a healthy vaginal microbiome, were dominant in 58 per cent of non-Native women compared with 44 per cent of Native women.

Native American women also had higher rates of vaginal dysbiosis and elevated vaginal pH, leading to inflammation. Additionally, they were more frequently infected with high-risk human papilloma virus, or HPV.

“There’s really no previous data showing how that vaginal microbiome structure looks in these populations,” said Paweł Łaniewski, the study’s first author and a research scientist at the College of Medicine – Phoenix.

“From other studies, we know that there might be some differences in the vaginal microbiome that can relate to HPV infection and cervical cancer.”

Researchers also found a connection between health disparities caused by sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors and a person’s healthy defence mechanisms. This may play a role in the higher prevalence of cervical cancer among Native American women.

The higher rate of cervical cancer among Native American women was previously attributed to a lack of screening, unequal access to health care and quality of care.

“It is setting the foundation to answer relevant Native women’s health concerns around sexual health, prevention and testing,” Lee said.

Ongoing work will include a longitudinal study, which evaluates multiple time points to determine the role of vaginal microbiota in HPV resistance or HPV clearance through the lens of the social determinants of health.

“We know that HPV is the causative agent of cervical cancer, but your vaginal microbiome can dictate whether you clear that HPV with no problem or if you keep it and are then at higher risk for developing cancer,” Herbst-Kralovetz said.

“If we could modulate the microbiome in women with HPV – and that’s what we’re thinking about for future studies working with the Cancer Center – then we could potentially intervene and prevent the progression to cervical cancer. We need all these interventions, including vaccination, working together to prevent cancer.”

Diagnosis

Women unaware of gynaecological cancers

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Only one per cent of women can name all five gynaecological cancers, new research suggests, as 21 women in the UK die every day of the diseases.

The report also found that 31 per cent of women have put off or avoided seeking medical advice for gynaecological symptoms.

It also found that 43 per cent of women invited for cervical screening said barriers had put them off attending, while 18 per cent of respondents aged 25 to 34 who had been invited had never attended.

The five main gynaecological cancers are womb, also called uterine, ovarian, cervical, vulval and vaginal cancer.

The Lady Garden Foundation said that, while progress has been made since the UK government’s 2022 Women’s Health Strategy aimed to improve gynaecological cancer care, significant challenges remain.

John Butler, medical director and trustee at the Lady Garden Foundation, said: “The fact that only one per cent of the population can name the diseases that directly affect half of us underscores a significant awareness gap, impacting individuals’ ability to recognise vital signs and symptoms or seek timely medical help.

“Addressing this isn’t just about awareness; it’s a critical public health priority. Our collective efforts are essential to ensure the latest commitments announced by this government translate into tangible change that saves lives.”

The report said key reasons for delaying medical advice included difficulty making appointments, embarrassment and, for cervical screening, fear of pain or previous bad experiences.

Women also reported challenges within healthcare interactions, including feeling “not taken seriously”, “dismissed” or “not believed” when seeking gynaecological advice.

Jenny Halpern Prince, chief executive and charity co-founder, said: “We frequently hear reports of women feeling ‘not taken seriously,’ ‘dismissed,’ or ‘not believed’ when seeking gynaecological advice.

“These experiences highlight crucial areas where we can improve patient support and trust within our healthcare system, ensuring women receive the empathetic and effective care they need.”

The Lady Garden Foundation said it aims to increase awareness of both the charity and the five gynaecological cancers.

It also aims to serve as a primary entry point for reliable, stigma-free information, helping people understand their bodies, recognise symptoms and overcome barriers to accessing care.

Its Silent No More Garden was unveiled at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2026. Designed by Darren Hawkes, the garden serves as a national call to action, using five sculptures to spark conversations, break long-standing taboos and encourage open dialogue about symptoms and preventative care.

Butler said: “Continued focus and collaborative action are essential to progress.

“The ongoing commitment from the government, alongside societal efforts to break down taboos surrounding gynaecological health, are crucial.

“The Lady Garden Foundation is dedicated to being a beacon of information and support, empowering women with the knowledge they need. We urge everyone to learn the signs, speak up, and help us save lives.”

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Fertility

AI could transform ovarian care through personalisation, study finds

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AI could transform ovarian care by personalising cancer and fertility treatment, but more clinical validation is needed before routine use.

A systematic review and meta-analysis found AI models showed high diagnostic accuracy for ovarian cancer when combining data such as ultrasound scans and blood test results.

Across 81 studies, AI models correctly identified ovarian cancer in around nine out of 10 cases, with pooled rates of 89 to 94 per cent.

They were also highly accurate at ruling out ovarian cancer when it was not present, with specificity of 85 to 91 per cent.

The analysis also found that explainable AI tools could predict complete surgical cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer.

Complete surgical cytoreduction means removing all visible cancer during surgery, which can be an important goal in treatment planning.

The tools achieved a pooled AUC of 0.87. AUC is a measure of how well a model distinguishes between different outcomes, with higher scores showing stronger performance.

In reproductive medicine, AI algorithms helped physicians optimise ovarian stimulation protocols and predict follicular growth during IVF.

Ovarian stimulation is the use of hormones to encourage the ovaries to produce eggs, while follicles are the small sacs in the ovaries where eggs develop.

The review found AI could reliably model ovarian response in IVF with a pooled AUC of 0.81.

However, researchers said challenges remain in translating promising research findings into routine clinical practice.

They identified substantial variation across studies, driven by retrospective study designs, variable AI systems and a lack of standardised validation.

Only 22 per cent of analysed studies reported prospective, multicentre external validation, where models are tested forward in time across multiple healthcare settings.

The authors called for rigorous validation to help close the gap between research and routine clinical practice, alongside standardised methodological and reporting frameworks, smooth integration with clinical workflow and robust governance to support responsible and ethical AI use.

They concluded: “Artificial intelligence is a transformative force in the management of ovarian conditions.

“In gynaecologic oncology, AI enhances every phase of care, from early detection and accurate diagnosis to prognostic stratification and surgical planning.”

In reproductive medicine, AI personalises ovarian stimulation and refines the diagnosis of heterogenous endocrine disorders such as PCOS.

PCOS, or polycystic ovary syndrome, is a hormonal condition that can affect periods, skin, weight and fertility.

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Cancer

Three cancer innovators shortlisted for Femtech World Award

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Femtech World is delighted to reveal the shortlist for this year’s Women’s Cancer Innovation award.

The award, sponsored by Endomag, will honour a groundbreaking innovation dedicated to the prevention, early detection treatment or ongoing care of cancers that uniquely or disproportionately affect women.

Endomag is a medical technology company devoted to improving the global standard of cancer care.

Its Sentimag system, Magseed marker and Magtrace lymphatic tracer are used by thousands of the world’s leading physicians and cancer centres.

After careful review of this year’s submissions, we are delighted to announce the three shortlisted entries for the Women’s Cancer Innovation Award 2026.

Auria is tackling one of the most stubborn problems in breast cancer screening: the 66 per cent of women who simply don’t participate.

Rather than improving existing imaging pathways, Auria is creating an entirely new access layer: a non-invasive, at-home test that detects protein biomarkers for breast cancer in tears.

Auria’s test, a CLIA-certified Lab Developed Test, has been validated across more than 2,000 patients in multiple clinical studies with collaborators including MD Anderson Cancer Center and Stanford University.

It reports a sensitivity of 93 per cent and a negative predictive value of 98 per cent.

Founded on six years of combined research at the University of Barcelona and UC Irvine, The Blue Box has developed a non-invasive, urine-based test that detects breast cancer by analysing volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures – no radiation, no compression, no imaging facility required.

The test achieves a sensitivity of 88.42 per cent, outperforming mammography by 15 per cent overall, and by 30 per cent specifically in women with dense breasts. 

The technology could function as a first-line screening tool in primary care settings, as a complement to mammography for high-density patients, or as an accessible alternative in healthcare systems where imaging infrastructure is limited.

Celbrea is a disposable and affordable thermal screening device that empowers women of all ages to stay on top of monitoring their breast health.

The device aims to add to doctors’ existing standard evaluation protocols with a quick, painless examination. Celbrea does not replace a mammogram but simply provides an additional way to screen for breast disease, including breast cancer.

The device consisting of two disposable pads with photochromic sensors. The pads are self-applied to each breast for 15 minutes.

1188 nano-sensors are embedded within a biocompatible multilayer pad, accurately measuring any temperature differences on the surface of the breast using liquid crystal thermographic technology.

What happens next

The shortlisted entries will now be judge by an Endomag representative who will reveal the winner at a virtual awards event on June 19.

Winners will receive a trophy and will be interviewed by a Femtech World journalist.

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