Pregnancy complications may increase women’s risk of peripheral artery disease later in life, new research suggests.

The study analysed data from more than two million women in Sweden who gave birth to single babies between 1973 and 2015.

Led by Casey Crump, the research examined the long-term risk of peripheral artery disease among women who experienced preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes or other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Crump, professor in the department of family and community medicine at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, said: “Our prior work has already shown that adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with long-term risks of heart disease, stroke, and heart failure.

“This study builds on that work by showing that these women have an increased risk of peripheral artery disease, an important but understudied cardiovascular condition.”

Peripheral artery disease is often a precursor to long-term cardiovascular complications, including stroke, ischaemic heart disease and premature death.

The condition affects millions of people worldwide and occurs when narrowed arteries reduce blood flow, most commonly to the legs and feet.

Ischaemic heart disease occurs when the heart does not receive enough blood and oxygen, usually because the arteries have narrowed.

Symptoms of peripheral artery disease can include leg pain, cramps while walking, numbness, cold feet and sores on the feet or legs that are slow to heal.

Crump said women who experience pregnancy complications have an important opportunity after giving birth to make plans with their primary care doctor to monitor long-term risks.

Women who have experienced complicated pregnancies should speak with their doctor about possible future cardiovascular health risks.

Checks for blood pressure, diabetes and cholesterol are important.

While the period after childbirth is an important time for women to monitor their health, Crump said it is never too late to lower the risk of peripheral artery disease.

He said: “Women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes who seem to be doing well may still have a higher risk that can emerge later in life.”

Crump also suggested preventive steps such as avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight and following a healthy lifestyle.

He stressed the importance of long-term follow-up care and conversations with healthcare providers to help protect cardiovascular health later in life.

Women with PMOS may have a fourfold higher risk of heart disease, new research suggests.

PMOS, or polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, is a complex hormone condition affecting about one in eight women in the UK.

It can affect hair growth, periods, fertility and mood.

US researchers analysed health insurance data collected between 2000 and 2022 from 413,450 women with PMOS aged 18 to 50.

They compared the group with more than two million women who did not have the condition.

The study found that women with PMOS had a fourfold higher risk of heart disease than those without it.

The increased risk remained after researchers accounted for other factors linked to heart disease, including high blood pressure and diabetes.

International PMOS guidelines recommend screening all patients for heart disease risk at diagnosis and providing advice on lifestyle changes.

However, researchers said patient surveys “report delayed diagnosis and substantial dissatisfaction with counselling regarding long-term comorbidities”.

Comorbidities are additional health conditions that occur alongside a main condition.

Researchers added: “Our results emphasise the need for physician education and patient awareness of cardiovascular disease risk to improve implementation of early preventive interventions.”

The team called for further studies following women through menopause, when periods stop.

They also called for research into whether treatments such as GLP-1 drugs or hormonal contraception affect the link between PMOS and heart disease.

GLP-1 drugs are medicines used for conditions including type 2 diabetes and weight management.

The main symptoms of PMOS include irregular periods or long gaps between periods, excessive hair growth or hair loss, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, and difficulty becoming pregnant.

Other symptoms include depression or anxiety, oily skin and acne, tiredness, and thick, dark patches of skin on the neck or armpits, known as acanthosis nigricans.

Until recently, PMOS was known as polycystic ovarian syndrome, or PCOS.

Experts called for the name change after highlighting that misunderstandings about cysts and too much focus on the ovaries were delaying diagnoses.

Earlier this month, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence said women with PMOS should be seen by health professionals annually to monitor symptoms and manage long-term risks.

NICE said the condition affects between three and four million women in the UK but is “frequently underdiagnosed and inconsistently managed”.

A market analysis made by Moore Financial Consulting estimates the global market for Zero Candida Technologies, Inc. (TSXV: ZCT) (OTCQB: ZCTFF) (FSE: 9L2) (the “Company” or “ZCT”), a FemTech medical device company advancing next-generation solutions for women’s health, will reach over USD 2 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.25 per cent globally and 3.9 per cent in North America and 4.2 per cent in Europe.

The analysis emphasis that up to 75 per cent of women will have at least one vaginal yeast infection in their life.

Moreover, recurrent VVC (Vulvovaginal Candidiasis) affects nearly 8 per cent of women globally (for women above the ages of 15-60).

According to the data, 100 per cent of women with Recurrent VVC will purchase a combination of over-the-counter and prescription antifungal treatments, usually with the common use of oral agents.

Compared to women with non-recurrent VCC, 55.2 per cent will purchase prescription antifungal treatment, 37 per cent over-the-counter antifungal, 5.6 per cent will purchase a combination of both treatments, and the rest will not purchase any treatment.

Eli Ben Haroosh, founder & CEO, Zero Candida Technologies, said: “Moore’s market analysis matches our estimations, Zero Candida is a groundbreaking and game-changing company in the world of women’s medicine, and we look forward to be one of the leading companies offering AI-driven, tampon-like device, helping women suffering from VVC .

Zero Candida announced recently that its shares are now successfully listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE).

This listing marks a significant milestone for the Company as it expands its global presence, now cross-listed on both the TSX Venture Exchange and the FSE, providing increased visibility and access to a broader pool of international investors.