Hormonal health
The many faces of menopause: Why it is a unique stage for each woman
While the symptoms may be similar, women go through menopause differently

No one told me that hot flashes could start in your mid-30s and continue into your 60s, says Cindy Moy Carr, founder of mySysters app. She tells FemTech World how menopause can affect women in different ways at different ages.
The menopause is a natural time of ageing when a woman’s periods stop and the ovaries lose their reproductive function. Usually, this occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, but as Cindy Moy Carr found out, this is not the case for everyone.
“After I turned 40, I started having these horrendous migraines which I had never had before,” she remembers. “For a year and a half, they would just come and go. I went to the hospital, I had an MRI and I was told that it was all in my head.”
Her case is not singular. A Yale University review of insurance claims from more than 500,000 women in various stages of menopause states that while 60 per cent of women with significant menopausal symptoms seek medical attention, nearly three-quarters of them are left untreated.
Moy Carr had not been told about menopause until she turned 50. “I was talking to a nurse practitioner and she said ‘Well, this is all menopause-related’. And that was the first light bulb moment when I asked myself, ‘Why didn’t anybody tell me that?’
“I lived in Minneapolis – the home of big medical device companies – and if I couldn’t get any help, what chance do other women have? When I saw that none of my friends seemed to talk about it, I realised how taboo menopause was.”
Cindy’s app, mySysters, was launched as a social and self-care platform to help women manage perimenopause and menopause, helping them to track symptoms, recognise patterns and share advice in discussion forums.
“At the time there were no period trackers for women of my age,” the founder says. “That’s why we decided to launch mySysters. We made a little beta version, and after it became available in the AppStore, women from different countries started using it and about 5,000 of them still use it today.
“The app is that validation that women need to understand that they are not alone in this.”

But launching it was far from easy. “I got laughed at by men who thought it was the stupidest thing ever,” Moy Carr confesses. “Talking to the people who are making decisions about these things can be very frustrating.
“With the app, it was that community feeling that we wanted to create because most women find us after they no longer trust the medical community. Once people feel connected, life becomes easier, clearer and it feels easier to make decisions and advocate for yourself.
“We don’t know what the other person is going through, so let’s ask questions, find some information, share it and ultimately, support each other in whatever decision we make. It’s easier to feel empowered this way.”
Actively tracking symptoms has been repeatedly shown to result in greater symptom reporting and better understanding and recovery. A report from the British Psychological Society has found that a greater proportion of people were classified as high period symptom reporters after using a symptom-tracking app.
Moy Carr says that taking five minutes to check in with yourself is key. “After a few weeks, you get a checkerboard that shows the severity of your symptoms and over time, you can notice patters or triggers that influence how you feel.
“What is it that you did on Sunday that worsen your headaches on Monday? So often we say, ‘This came out of nowhere’. In fact, it didn’t. It was building up to that, but we just didn’t notice it because we weren’t paying attention to it.
“Tracking what’s happening in your body means becoming more aware of how you’re feeling. Then when something goes wonky, you will be able to recognise it quicker.”
The recent US Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v Wade may have serious consequences on tracking apps like mySysters. If there is a warrant, court order, or subpoena for the release of certain medical records, then a clinic could be required to hand them over, leaving patients and providers legally vulnerable.
“As a UK-based company, I’d like to think that our data is completely safe, but I worry about women in the US and what the current climate means for them,” Moy Carr says. “We found out that HIPAA – the US regulator providing data privacy and security provisions – will not protect women’s data.
“Roe v Wade is a step backwards for women’s health, not just for abortion, but for women’s health in general. The fact that data protection is not guaranteed can have huge consequences that we’re not even aware of.”
While the situation remains uncertain across half of the states, Cindy hopes that women will have autonomy over their bodies. “I’m hoping that at some point we can get away from these labels of menopause, perimenopause, post-menopause, fertility, age, puberty and focus on hormonal health.
“Not everybody goes through menopause at 50. Sometimes they’re 30. It’s our hormonal health and there’s no need for labels.”
For more info, visit mysysters.com.
Menopause
Non-hormonal menopause pill approved for NHS use

A new daily menopause pill approved for NHS use could bring relief to women with debilitating hot flushes and night sweats.
Around 500,000 women are expected to be eligible for the treatment, which experts say could help those unable to take hormone replacement therapy, or HRT.
The drug, fezolinetant, also known as Veoza, is a daily non-hormonal tablet designed to target the brain signals that trigger some of the most disruptive menopause symptoms.
In final draft guidance published today, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommended the 45mg tablet for women experiencing moderate to severe hot flushes and night sweats.
More than two million women in the UK are thought to suffer these symptoms during menopause, often beginning during the earlier stage known as perimenopause.
For many, the effects are severe, disrupting sleep, affecting concentration and straining relationships. In some cases women are even forced to cut back on work.
An estimated 60,000 women in the UK are currently out of work or on long-term sick leave due to severe menopause symptoms, costing the economy roughly £1.5bn a year.
Research also suggests one in 10 women has left the workforce entirely because of a lack of support.
Insight
Women’s health leaders warn of censorship
Features
Study reveals how oestrogen protects women from high blood pressure

Oestrogen helps protect premenopausal women from hypertension by relaxing and widening blood vessels, according to new research examining why women develop high blood pressure less often before menopause.
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, affects more than a billion people worldwide and is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke.
Premenopausal women are less likely to develop the condition than men or postmenopausal women, but the biological reason has been unclear.
Researchers used a mathematical model of the cardiovascular and kidney systems to analyse how oestrogen influences blood pressure.
The analysis found that oestrogen’s strongest protective effect comes from vasodilation, the process by which blood vessels relax and widen, helping blood flow more easily and lowering pressure in the arteries.
Anita Layton, Canada 150 Research Chair Laureate in Mathematical Biology and Medicine and professor of applied mathematics, said: “Oestrogen is often thought of only in terms of reproductive health, but it plays a much broader role in how the body functions.
“It affects how blood vessels respond, how the kidneys regulate fluids and how different systems communicate with one another.
“What we found is that its impact on blood vessels is especially important for regulating blood pressure.”
The findings may also have implications for treating women after menopause, when oestrogen levels naturally decline.
The model predicted that angiotensin receptor blockers, a common class of blood pressure drugs, could be more effective than another widely used treatment group known as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in treating women with hypertension, even after oestrogen levels decline after menopause.
Layton said her team has spent years developing a mathematical model of women’s kidneys and the cardiovascular system, designed to explore how different biological mechanisms affect blood pressure.
The model allows researchers to test individual effects separately and examine how each influences the body.
“We can turn on one effect, then another, and see exactly how each one affects the body,” Layton said.
She added: “For too long, women’s health, especially older women’s health, has been overlooked by medicine.
“Understanding how age and sex affect the body and, therefore, treatment, is an equity issue.”
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