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Earlier menopause may harm heart-brain health connection, study suggests

Women who experience menopause earlier in life may face damage to the connection between heart function and brain health, new research suggests.
The study of more than 500 participants examined whether an earlier age at menopause affects the relationship between cardiac performance and cognitive function, as well as changes in brain structure.
Researchers from the University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Research Institute assessed how reduced heart function and early menopause together influence brain health in women, who are already at greater risk of both cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
Heart performance was measured using resting left ventricular ejection fraction — the proportion of blood pumped out with each heartbeat — captured through cardiac MRI scans.
Brain MRI scans assessed grey matter volume (the nerve-cell-rich tissue) and white matter hyperintensity burden, which indicates areas of damage linked to ageing and vascular disease.
Participants also completed standardised cognitive tests, with results adjusted for factors including age, ethnicity, education, hormone therapy use and whether menopause occurred naturally or through surgery.
The findings suggest that early menopause and reduced heart function may have a combined negative impact on the brain.
Weaker cardiac output can limit oxygen and nutrient flow to brain tissue, increasing the risk of damage and dementia over time.
Tallinn Splinter is lead author from the University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Research Institute.
The researcher said: “We still don’t fully understand how menopause, and particularly earlier menopause, affects brain ageing.
“By examining the link between heart and brain health, we wanted to shed light on this important but often overlooked area.”
Previous studies have shown that earlier menopause is linked with higher risks of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease.
This research builds on that evidence by showing how menopause timing and heart health interact to influence brain outcomes.
Dr Stephanie Faubion, medical director for The Menopause Society, said: “These findings highlight the importance of including sex-specific factors, such as age at menopause, in dementia research and in developing prevention and intervention strategies.”
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