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The Unseen Crisis in Women’s Health: A Deep Dive into Misdiagnosis

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According to recent research, women are 66% more likely to face medical misdiagnosis compared to men, reflecting a gender gap in the medical field with dire consequences on women’s health. Whether it’s an autoimmune illness attributed to depression or a heart disease labeled as anxiety, women are told that it’s all in their heads when visiting the doctor for persistent symptoms.

This is not just emotionally exhausting, making women question their own realities and lose trust in the healthcare system, but it also means that the real illness can go untreated while undergoing treatment for a condition that isn’t even present. In many instances, delayed care can be life-threatening, and it also takes a serious financial toll.

What Are the Reasons Why Women Are More Likely to Be Misdiagnosed?

There’s an alarmingly high number of misdiagnosis claims, and every year, these medical errors cause permanent disability or death, with women more likely to be victims. The main reason behind this is that for years, clinical trials have been primarily focused on men: between 1977 and 1986, the FDA policy explicitly excluded women from drug studies, especially those of childbearing age, but the results were applied universally. While in the early 1990s, the policy was overturned, many protocols have still been tested on male subjects, causing inaccurate assumptions and a lack of detailed understanding about how conditions and treatments may impact women.

It is also worth noting that many health issues present differently in women compared to men. For instance, heart disease symptoms can be more subtle for women, which is why providers can often miss or misdiagnose them. The biological differences between the two genders can also create differences in how medications and treatments impact women and men: for instance, the active ingredient in Ambien is more rapidly metabolized by male patients, and it took about 20 years for scientists to figure out that they dosage prescribed to women needed to be 50% as strong as was considered standard to account for the metabolic differences.

There’s also implicit gender bias towards women among 90% of people around the world, which unfortunately shows up in the healthcare system as well and leads to disparate, poor health outcomes for women. According to one meta-analytic study, it’s common for physicians to attribute symptoms to women’s emotions and focus on the bodily diagnosis for men, which is often referred to as medical gaslighting and delays critical diagnoses.

What Are Some of The Most Common Misdiagnosed Conditions in Women?

The data shows certain health conditions are more frequently misdiagnosed or diagnosed later in women, including:

  • Endometriosis. This is a condition affecting 1 in 10 women of reproductive age, but it’s hard for women to get diagnosed properly. On average, they must wait about 7-10 years for a proper diagnosis, with many of them being told that their pain is due to IBS or their period, or that it’s psychosomatic. This can have devastating consequences, leaving women with crippling pain for years and causing fertility problems before they can even get proper treatment.
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a condition affecting many women of childbearing age, causing irregular periods and infertility, but despite how common it is, women are often misdiagnosed. There are a few reasons behind this, such as PCOS having various symptoms that can vary among women, and a lack of a single test for PCOS, which leaves doctors to rule out thyroid disease and assume that the menstrual changes are happening due to stress. Furthermore, many women with PCOS aren’t overweight and have normal-looking ovaries, so doctors come to the conclusion that it cannot be PCOS.
  • Autoimmune Diseases. Lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases hit many women. These health conditions are very tricky, as they are characterized by symptoms like muscle aches, fatigue, and mood changes, which can come and go, leading doctors on a wild goose chase: in fact, on average, women have to visit five different doctors over the span of four years until they can get diagnosed with an autoimmune disease.
  • Heart Disease. This health condition is frequently misjudged but ends up threatening the lives of women. Many women are told they have anxiety or indigestion when they experience symptoms of heart disease, and that’s because these symptoms can be atypical, like shortness of breath, neck/jaw pain, nausea, and extreme fatigue, to name a few.

What Can Be Done to Tackle the Misdiagnosis Epidemic in Women’s Health?

There’s no doubt that women deserve better when it comes to their health, and the good news is that, in recent years, there’s been increased awareness of gaps in the healthcare system, and efforts are underway to close them. Medical schools and training programs are talking about implicit bias and the importance of not dismissing women’s reports of pain, more women physicians are now part of the medical field, bringing a personal perspective that helps improve patient care, and doctors are learning to ask whether they are missing something rather that stating that women are just anxious. At the same time, technology is making a difference through developments that help catch health issues that used to be easily missed: for instance, imaging techniques are better than ever, and less invasive tests are emerging for ovarian cancer and endometriosis.

Besides these systemic fixes, women should without a doubt advocate for themselves in medical settings. First and foremost, it’s essential to trust your instincts and not let a dismissive comment derail you if you feel something is wrong. It also helps to come prepared for your doctor’s visit by writing a bullet list of your main symptoms, including how often they occur, what worsens them, and when they started. Make sure to keep things concise and include your history of risk factors, if any, because this will help prompt a doctor to consider a specific diagnosis. Suppose you’ve tried a treatment and there aren’t any improvements; remember that it’s your right to say that you’re still feeling bad and ask for the next step. If your doctor downplays your symptoms or doesn’t have any new ideas, it may be time to get a second opinion. Above all, it is important not to give up and to continue self-advocating, as even if this may be tiring, the momentum is on your side, as the healthcare system is also making progress in becoming attuned to women’s needs.

The Bottom Line

Women don’t deserve to be dismissed when seeing their doctor for distressing symptoms. They deserve to feel heard and cared for, and while progress is slowly unfolding across the healthcare landscape, there’s still a long way to go. Until system reforms take hold fully, self-advocacy remains a powerful tool, allowing women to feel empowered to ask questions and seek another opinion when things feel wrong.

 

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Insight

WUKA and Royal Yachting Association partner to support women and girls in sailing

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WUKA has announced a groundbreaking partnership with the Royal Yachting Association (RYA), including RYA Scotland and RYA Northern Ireland, supporting women and girls in sailing.

Building on WUKA’s growing #TackleAnything campaign – which has already reached thousands of girls across sports in the UK – this collaboration brings practical period solutions into sailing.

Together, WUKA and the RYA are committed to breaking down barriers so periods never limit confidence, participation, or performance on the water.

Ruby Raut, WUKA founder & CEO, said: “Partnering with the RYA has been incredibly important for us at WUKA.

“Sailing is an amazing way for women and girls to build confidence, and periods shouldn’t hold anyone back from enjoying the water or reaching their full potential.

“Through this partnership and our #TackleAnything campaign, we’re proud to provide practical solutions and innovative products that help female sailors feel comfortable, confident, and free to focus on learning, performing, and having fun.

“Breaking down barriers and supporting women to tackle anything — on land, at sea, and everywhere in between – has never felt more meaningful.”

WUKA, which stands for Wake-Up Kick Ass, shares the RYA’s commitment to inclusivity and empowerment.

In 2023, WUKA launched #TackleAnything, a campaign supporting women, girls and sportspeople with periods. Since its launch, the initiative has reached 3,576 girls across 46 clubs and partnered with a range of sports across the UK – from Scottish Gymnastics to Titans wheelchair basketball – helping young athletes play without limits and stay confident, comfortable, and in the game.

The brand offers period-friendly aquatic apparel and practical solutions that help women train and compete with freedom of movement and total assurance.

Through this partnership, WUKA will provide innovative period swimwear for young sailors across key RYA programmes, including the NI Sailing Team, the RYA Scotland Performance Pathway Programme, and the British Sailing Pathways Talent Academies.

By combining WUKA’s mission to challenge stigma with the RYA’s commitment to inclusion, the partnership ensures young sailors can focus on what matters most – learning, performing, and enjoying their time on the water – with confidence and comfort. RYA members will also receive a 10 per cent discount on WUKA products.

Sailing offers incredible benefits for women and girls, but time on the water can present unique challenges -particularly during menstruation.

Together, WUKA and the RYA are providing practical solutions that remove these barriers, helping young sailors participate fully and confidently in the sport.

Sara Sutcliffe, RYA CEO, said: “At the RYA, we have been making strides to break down barriers for women of all ages to help ensure they can experience the water in a supportive and positive environment.

“From education workshops and practical sessions, we want to make sure our female sailors are empowered and this partnership is another great example of how we can demonstrate possible tools to equip them to succeed”.

This partnership is part of the RYA’s wider commitment to making sailing a sport where women and girls can thrive. Alongside initiatives such as the Female Futures Group, the Women’s Race Officials Programme and all new Talent Academy Female Future’s Camps; it demonstrates a continued focus on removing barriers and creating meaningful opportunities across every stage of the sailing.

WUKA’s involvement ensures that practical solutions are available on the water, from innovative period swimwear to support resources, helping young sailors feel fully equipped and confident during training and competition.

By integrating these tools into RYA programmes, WUKA brings a new level of comfort and assurance to female athletes, allowing them to focus entirely on performance, enjoyment, and growth in the sport.

For any women and girls looking to learn more about sailing, visit www.rya.org.uk.

For more information on WUKA visit www.wuka.co.uk.

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Insight

Study links changing population to low London screening rates

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London’s shifting population is holding down breast screening uptake, experts have said, with the capital at 62.8 per cent in 2024, below the NHS’s acceptable 70 per cent threshold.

The London Assembly Health Committee recently heard that the capital faces distinct challenges compared with the rest of the country and that these issues must be addressed.

Josephine Ruwende, a cancer screening lead at NHS England, said frequent moves within the rented sector and the cost-of-living crisis pushing people out of London had made it difficult to reach eligible patients, which she described as “population churn”.

She said: “This is people changing addresses and then not updating their GP, this then affects the invitation process because GP details are used to identify individuals who are eligible.

“In boroughs where we have the highest population churn, we see it strongly associated with lower uptake.”

She noted that even in the wealthiest boroughs there can be high levels of movement, with around 40 per cent of residents changing address within a year.

Such areas also tend to have more people who own second homes or spend long periods abroad, making it harder for the NHS to keep contact details up to date.

As a result, screening invitations may be sent to out-of-date addresses or to people who are overseas.

Leeane Graham, advocacy lead at Black Women Rising, which supports women of colour with a cancer diagnosis, said there were cultural barriers, fear and a mistrust of the health service due to previous experience within communities.

She said: “If you’ve never been for a breast screening before, the thought of having a mammogram can be really, really terrifying.”

Helen Dickens, from Breast Cancer Now, said other reasons included a lack of understanding of breast screening, along with concerns about discomfort, trust and practical issues such as travel.

She said: “We have amazing public transport and we feel that we’ve got great accessibility, but we also know that we don’t have screening centres in every borough.

“We know that for some women that barrier of transport and access will still be a really big reason why they’re not attending screenings.”

NHS London launched its first screening campaign last year in response to the figures, aiming to increase detection at an earlier stage.

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Diagnosis

The hidden cost of “business as usual” in gynecologic surgery

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A Common Surgery with Outsized Consequences

Hysterectomy and myomectomy are among the most frequently performed surgeries worldwide.

Minimally invasive and robotic approaches have delivered clear benefits at the point of care, including shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and fewer complications.

To remove the uterus or fibroids through small incisions, surgeons use a technique known as morcellation, in which tissue is cut into smaller pieces for extraction during surgery.

However, when tissue is cut without containment, those short-term gains can be offset by downstream harm.

The risks fall into three interconnected categories:

  • dissemination of undiagnosed malignancy
  • spread of benign tissue, including endometriosis and parasitic fibroids
  • legal and financial exposure linked to off-label device use

Crucially, these costs often surface years after the original procedure and rarely where the original cost savings were realized.

Cancer Dissemination: A Known and Preventable Risk

The risk of occult uterine malignancy in women undergoing surgery for presumed benign fibroids is well documented.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has estimated this risk at approximately 1 in 350 women, prompting repeated safety communications recommending tissue containment during morcellation.

When morcellation is performed without containment, undiagnosed cancer will be dispersed throughout the abdominal cavity, effectively upstaging disease from localised to disseminated.

The clinical implications are profound, and so are the economic consequences.

Treatment costs for early-stage uterine cancer typically range from $40,000 to $60,000. Once disease becomes disseminated, costs can exceed $150,000 to $300,000, excluding indirect costs such as lost productivity, long-term disability, and caregiver burden.

Beyond treatment expenses, litigation related to morcellation-associated cancer spread has resulted in multi-million-dollar settlements, particularly during the power morcellation litigation wave of the mid-2010s. Several cases explicitly tied disease progression to tissue dissemination during surgery.

From a system perspective, a single preventable dissemination event can negate the cost savings of hundreds of minimally invasive procedures.

Benign Tissue Seeding: The Long Tail of Surgical Cost

Cancer is not the only concern.

Uncontained morcellation has also been associated with the spread of benign tissue, including parasitic fibroids and iatrogenic endometriosis, conditions that may present years after the index surgery.

Endometriosis alone represents one of the most expensive chronic gynecologic conditions. Multiple health economic studies estimate annual per-patient costs of $12,000 to $16,000, with lifetime costs exceeding $100,000, driven by repeat surgeries, chronic pain management, hormonal therapy, and fertility interventions.

While the financial impact may surface years later, downstream harm is increasingly traced back to the index procedure, including the choice between FDA-cleared containment and off-label alternatives used during tissue extraction.

Off-Label Use and the Quiet Accumulation of Liability

One of the least visible, but most consequential, dimensions of morcellation risk lies in off-label device use.

Many tissue bags currently used during morcellation are not FDA-cleared for prevention of tissue spillage during organ cutting and removal. While off-label use is common in medicine, it carries distinct legal and financial implications when complications occur.

Risk management guidance from MedPro Group, one of the largest medical malpractice insurers in the United States, has repeatedly warned that off-label use increases professional liability exposure in three key ways:

1. Burden of justification

When an FDA-cleared alternative exists, the legal burden shifts to the surgeon to prove that off-label use met the standard of care.

2. Informed consent vulnerability

Standard consent language may be insufficient for off-label device use, increasing exposure to failure-to-warn claims if complications arise.

3. Changed liability dynamics

Off-label use alters traditional liability dynamics, increasing scrutiny on clinical decision-making at the hospital and surgeon level.

Legal scholarship published in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research has echoed these concerns, noting that courts increasingly allow off-label status to be considered in malpractice cases, particularly when patient harm occurs and safer alternatives were available.

Recent U.S. court decisions have further reinforced that while off-label use is generally permitted, it is not immune from civil liability and, in rare but serious circumstances, criminal consequences when tied to demonstrable patient harm.

FDA Guidance Exists, Adoption Lags Behind

Regulatory expectations around morcellation are no longer ambiguous. The FDA has consistently called for tissue containment during tissue cutting to mitigate the risks of cancer and tissue dissemination.

Yet real-world adoption remains inconsistent.

A 2025 survey reported by News-Medical found widespread gaps in safe tissue containment during laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.

Respondents cited variability in training, institutional protocols, and access to FDA-cleared containment systems. Many surgeons reported reliance on improvised or non-cleared solutions despite growing awareness of regulatory and legal risk.

The result is a widening gap between guidance and practice, one that is increasingly visible to regulators, insurers, and hospital leadership.

Who Ultimately Pays?

The economic impact of uncontained morcellation does not fall on a single stakeholder.

  • Hospitals face litigation exposure, rising malpractice premiums, re-operations, and reputational risk.
  • Surgeons shoulder personal liability, heightened scrutiny around informed consent, and evolving standards of care.
  • Payers absorb downstream oncology costs, chronic disease management, and repeat interventions.
  • Patients bear the heaviest burden, including preventable morbidity, fertility loss, financial toxicity, and erosion of trust.

Taken together, these costs far exceed the price of prevention.

From Clinical Risk to Market Response

This growing recognition of risk has begun to reshape the market.

Before regulatory scrutiny intensified, power morcellation was widely adopted because it saved time, reduced operating room burden, and supported high procedural throughput.

It represented a multi-billion-dollar global market, supported by major surgical device manufacturers and deeply embedded in minimally invasive gynecologic practice.

The withdrawal of power morcellation from many hospitals did not eliminate the clinical need for efficient tissue extraction. Instead, it created a prolonged gap between surgical efficiency and acceptable risk.

That gap is now beginning to close.

With the emergence of FDA-cleared tissue containment systems designed specifically for morcellation, hospitals are reassessing whether power morcellation can be responsibly reintroduced in a manner aligned with regulatory guidance, patient safety, and liability mitigation.

This has significant implications for operating room efficiency, surgeon ergonomics, and system-wide cost management.

One example is Ark Surgical, a U.S.-focused surgical technology company advancing safety-first approaches to tissue extraction.

Its double-wall, airbag-like LapBox containment chamber was developed to support FDA-aligned morcellation while integrating into existing laparoscopic workflows, an increasingly important consideration as hospitals evaluate not just procedural efficiency, but long-term risk exposure.

Ark Surgical is currently in an active investment round, reflecting broader investor interest in technologies that address regulatory-driven risk while unlocking previously constrained markets.

More broadly, capital is flowing toward solutions that make it possible to restore clinical efficiency without reintroducing legacy risk.

The Cost Question Is No Longer “If,” but “When”

Healthcare systems already absorb the cost of uncontained morcellation through litigation, chronic disease management, repeat interventions, and loss of trust.

What has changed is visibility.

As clinical data, regulatory expectations, and market solutions converge, the question is no longer whether containment matters, but whether healthcare systems can afford to continue treating it as optional.

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