News
Protective immune cells in breastfeeding women guard against breast cancer, research finds

Women who breastfeed develop protective immune cells that help guard against breast cancer, with effects lasting for more than 30 years, new research shows.
The study found that specialised T-cells — immune cells that fight disease — remain in breast tissue long after pregnancy and provide lasting protection, particularly against triple-negative breast cancer, one of the most aggressive forms.
Observations dating back to the 18th century, when physicians noticed nuns had some of the highest rates of breast cancer, first hinted that childbearing and breastfeeding could protect against the disease.
Modern research has confirmed this link, though the biological explanation was unclear.
Professor Sherene Loi is senior author and clinician scientist at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre.
The researcher said: “The key take-home messages are that pregnancy and breastfeeding will leave behind long-lived protective immune cells in the breast and the body, and these cells help to reduce risk and improve defence against breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer, but potentially other cancers as well as disease.”
Researchers from the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne studied non-cancerous breast tissue from more than 260 women who had undergone breast reduction or preventive surgery.
They found that women who had given birth had more specialised immune cells called CD8⁺ T-cells — part of the adaptive immune system that targets specific threats, including cancer.
The team then tested whether these cells directly provided protection.
In mice, cancer cells implanted into breast tissue grew less in those that had pups and breastfed compared with those that had not. When the researchers removed the T-cells from the nursing mice, the protective effect disappeared.
The researchers also analysed data from more than 1,000 breast cancer patients diagnosed after childbirth with available breastfeeding records.
Women who had breastfed had better outcomes from triple-negative breast cancer than those who had not. Their tumours also contained more immune cells, suggesting ongoing immune activity against the cancer.
The study provides an explanation for why breastfeeding appears protective, and the findings could help inform new strategies for women unable to have children or breastfeed.
Understanding the underlying biology may aid development of vaccines or therapies that mimic this natural defence.
Professor Loi said: “The effects are really quite small for every individual, but population-wide the effects are large.”
She stressed that breastfeeding does not guarantee protection against breast cancer, noting it is “not a 100 per cent guarantee that they won’t get breast cancer.”
The study also explored why some breast cancers contain high numbers of specialised immune cells while others do not.
Patients with more of these cells generally had better outcomes, particularly with triple-negative breast cancer.
Professor Loi explained that T-cells react not only to viruses or bacteria but also to cancer, describing this response as “one of our very modern therapeutic weapons against cancer.”
Associate Professor Wendy Ingman from the University of Adelaide’s Medical School said longer breastfeeding duration provided greater benefits.
Each year of breastfeeding is linked to a 4 per cent lifetime reduction in the mother’s breast cancer risk.
“This study shows that having babies and breastfeeding causes long-lasting changes in immune cells that could help protect the breast from cancer,” Ingman said.
“I’m hopeful that this type of research will lead to new approaches to reduce women’s breast cancer risk.”
News
What “women’s healthmaxxing” means for patient trust and the femtech industry

Women’s health has become one of the most searched and shared topics online, from cycle syncing and cortisol management to menopause hacks, supplements, hormone testing and clinician-creator content.
That surge in attention, sometimes dubbed “healthmaxxing,” is changing how women find, evaluate and act on health information, and it is starting to reshape the relationship between patients, clinicians and the companies building products for this market.
For providers, the shift means patients are arriving better informed but also more exposed to unverified claims, putting pressure on clinicians to engage with online narratives rather than dismiss them.
For femtech and pharma companies, it opens a route to reach and educate consumers at scale, but also raises the stakes on credibility: products and messaging that ride the trend without clinical grounding risk eroding the trust the industry has spent years building.
Investors are watching the same dynamic from a different angle.
Attention-driven demand can be a signal of where the next wave of femtech growth will come from, but distinguishing genuine clinical need from viral momentum is increasingly part of due diligence.
The net effect is a widening gap between companies that treat cultural attention as a distribution channel for credible, evidence-based care, and those that risk being swept up in trends with little clinical substance behind them.
How that gap plays out will shape patient trust, clinical relationships and commercial opportunity across the women’s health industry for years to come.
These themes will be explored in more depth in an upcoming webinar, “Women’s Healthmaxxing: The Opportunity & Risks of Cultural Attention for the Women’s Health Industry,” hosted by the Women’s Health Innovation Summit (WHIS), featuring Ellen Wilcox (Listen Ventures), Jessica Bell van der Wal (Frame Fertility), Dr. Tosin Sotubo-Ajayi (NHS, BBC and more) and Nora Lansen (Elektra Health).
Register free for the webinar on 23 July 2026 at https://events.virtualpro.com/womens-health-series-webinar-july-2026/registration
Insight
Rising number of young midwives quitting NHS due to burnout

More young midwives are leaving the NHS before 35 as burnout adds pressure to stretched maternity services, new research has revealed.
The trend has raised concerns about the quality and safety of care for mothers and babies in understaffed maternity units.
During 2025-26, 1,669 midwives aged 34 or under left the health service in England, representing 57 per cent of the 2,949 midwives of all ages who resigned.
The pressures of maternity care, including increasingly complex childbirth and the risks involved, are thought to be among the factors behind the trend.
Hannah Leonard, deputy chief midwife at the Royal College of Midwives, said the exodus of midwives under 35 was “deeply worrying” and showed that too many were ending up “burnt-out within a few years of qualifying because every shift means too few colleagues, missed breaks and unpaid hours”.
She added: “Losing these midwives, and students, even before they qualify, is a terrible waste of talent.”
The figures, revealed in parliamentary questions tabled by the Liberal Democrats, show that 205 of last year’s younger leavers were under 25, while 655 were aged 25 to 29 and 809 were aged 30 to 34.
The number of midwives under 35 leaving the NHS has risen sharply in recent years. The 2025-26 figure was 59 per cent higher than the 1,051 who left in 2014-15, according to NHS figures.
Burnout means long-term physical and emotional exhaustion, often linked to sustained pressure at work.
Separate figures obtained by the Liberal Democrats suggest almost one in four midwifery students are leaving before completing their three-year degree.
In 2021, 3,565 students started a midwifery degree, but 2,725 graduated in 2024, meaning 840, or 24 per cent, did not complete the course.
Midwifery students spend much of their second and third years learning on the job in maternity units.
The loss of staff and students underlines what the Royal College of Midwives has described as a “staffing emergency” in maternity care across the UK.
A recent survey by the Royal College of Midwives found that three-quarters of midwives had considered leaving the profession over the last year, mainly because of concerns over staffing levels and patient safety.
Both recent large-scale reviews of maternity care in England, led by Donna Ockenden and Valerie Amos, identified staffing shortages as a key problem affecting patient safety.
Helen Morgan, the Liberal Democrat health spokesperson, said: “These statistics reveal an alarming crisis in maternity, with far too many midwives burning out early in their career and in their training. Patients are paying the price, and mothers are left with no alternative but to give birth on understaffed and unsafe wards.
“Rather than throw money at yet more new recruits who quit under intolerable pressure, the government needs a new approach. Through guaranteeing protected, year-round training and professional development we can help midwives cope with rising complexity and risk.”
About 10 per cent of all midwives leave the NHS each year.
However, the figures show higher leaving rates among younger midwives, with one in seven, or 14.6 per cent, of those aged 25 to 29 and one in six, or 16.6 per cent, of those aged 30 to 34 leaving during 2025-26.
A Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson said: “Under this government we have a record number of midwives in the workforce and we value the vital service they provide in maternity and neonatal units across the country.
“To make the NHS the best employer it can be, we have introduced new NHS staff standards to improve health and wellbeing support, promote flexible working, as well as crucial measures to tackle violence, sexual harassment or abuse and racism.
“Alongside consecutive above-inflation pay rises, we’ve bolstered the midwifery workforce through our graduate guarantee and recently opened up 1,000 more midwifery roles backed by £10m to help prevent student midwives leaving the profession.”
Department of Health and Social Care figures show a record 25,500 full-time-equivalent midwives are working in the NHS, 2,000 more than when the Labour government took office in July 2024.
Mental health
Nearly 60% of young women get health advice from influencers, research finds

Nearly six in ten young women get health and wellness advice from influencers, new research shows.
Women aged 18 to 29 were more likely than young men to use online influencers for health information.
The topics included beauty, alternative medicine, mental health, weight loss and fitness.
The Pew Research study found that 57 per cent of women aged 18 to 29 said they get health and wellness information from online influencers, 10 percentage points higher than young men.
While Americans still mostly rely on healthcare providers, the research suggests social media influencers also play a major role in how young people find health advice.
Among women who get health and wellness information from influencers, 51 per cent said they often hear about beauty and appearance, compared with 18 per cent of men.
Young women were also around twice as likely as young men to say they see content about alternative medicine, meaning treatments or health practices used outside mainstream medical care.
A third or more of both young men and young women said they often hear about mental health and weight loss from influencers.
Around half or more of both groups said they often see fitness content.
When asked why they seek health and wellness information from influencers, around half of young women said they wanted to make a change to their health or lifestyle.
That compared with 37 per cent of young men.
The research also found that 23 per cent of young women said hearing from people who share their background or beliefs was one reason they used influencers, compared with 14 per cent of young men.
A further 19 per cent of young women said they learnt about things they did not want to ask their doctor, compared with 10 per cent of young men.
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