Mental health
Heavy and painful periods linked to lower grades and attendance, study reveals

New research has found that heavy periods and menstrual pain in teenage girls are linked to lower grades and increased school absences.
The study, described as the most robust to date on this issue, examined data from 2,698 girls aged 13 to 16 in the Children of the 90s study, linking health records to school attendance and GCSE results from the Department for Education.
Led by the University of Bristol with the University of Exeter and funded by Wellcome, the study found 36 per cent of girls experienced heavy or prolonged bleeding.
This group missed an extra 1.7 school days a year and had a 27 per cent lower chance of achieving five GCSE passes.
Meanwhile, 56 per cent reported menstrual pain, which was linked to missing 1.2 more school days a year and a 16 per cent lower chance of achieving five passes.
Girls reporting both heavy bleeding and pain were more likely to be persistently absent from school.
Researchers said absence alone did not fully explain the effect on grades, with existing evidence showing symptoms also affect concentration.
Gemma Sawyer, PhD student at the University of Bristol who conducted the research, said: “Our large-scale study provides the most convincing evidence to date that menstrual symptoms are associated with lower attendance and attainment.
“This work supports what young people have reported struggling with in previous studies.
The link between menstrual symptoms and education remained even after taking into account factors such as maternal education, financial difficulties, ethnicity and age at starting menstruation.
Teenage girls in a focus group described challenges such as difficulty concentrating during periods, limited toilet access, embarrassment and stigma and lack of period products.
Gemma Sharp, professor of epidemiology at the University of Exeter who supervised the research, said: “We know from previous research that heavy and painful periods can impact attendance and concentration, and this study tells us that there’s also a link with attainment.
“It’s clear that people are capable of functioning at a high level regardless of their cycle, but we need a society that’s better set up to support them, particularly if they are experiencing heavy bleeding and pain.”
A team of researchers, led by Professor Sharp, has secured US$4.5m in funding from Wellcome Leap, obtained with support from regional university alliance GW4.
The funding will support new research to tackle the widespread and often overlooked issue of heavy menstrual bleeding in women.
Professor Sharp will use data from Bristol’s Children of the 90s and Born in Bradford cohorts to investigate biological factors underlying heavy bleeding.
This research forms part of the US$50m Missed Vital Sign programme – a global initiative aimed at earlier identification of heavy menstrual bleeding and the development of faster, more personalised care for women worldwide.
Mental health
Dr-Julian helps deliver breakthrough mental health support for Black and ethnically minoritised mothers

A groundbreaking digital perinatal mental health pilot for Black and ethnically minoritised women has helped women access support faster, complete therapy at higher rates, and recover more successfully than national averages.
The partnership between digital tech company Dr-Julian and The Essential Baby Company Ltd within a new model of mental health care named haPPIE SHE Cares – who offer personalised support for women sharing their healthcare experiences, showed results well above NHS benchmarks for Black and ethnically minoritised women.
The pilot was created to help women who are less likely to use traditional mental health services during pregnancy and in the first year after giving birth.
By combining trusted community referrals, culturally aware support, and fast access to therapy through Dr-Julian’s online and virtual care platform, the programme delivered standout results.
Every woman who joined the pilot started therapy, 90 per cent completed treatment, and 74 per cent recovered; well above the NHS benchmark of around 52 per cent.
Women referred through community organisations accessed support in just one day on average, compared with around 21 days through many standard services.
Even the programme’s regular referral route reduced waits to 13 days.
The findings come as NHS leaders continue to focus on maternity inequalities and unequal access to mental health care.
Black and ethnically minoritised women can face barriers including stigma, language needs, lack of trust in services, childcare pressures, and difficulty navigating complex systems.
The haPPIE SHE Cares model was designed to break down those barriers by working with trusted community groups, offering culturally informed support, and where possible matching women with therapists who understood their background or language.
Gemma Poole for The Essential Baby Company said: “Too many women who need help feel unseen, unheard or unable to get support when they need it most.
“This project shows that when services are built around trust, culture and community, women engage, recover and thrive.
“This early success could provide a blueprint for reducing inequalities in maternal mental health care across the UK. Behind every statistic is a mother who felt supported, a family that benefited and a woman who found her voice.
“Mental healthcare must work for every community. This partnership shows that when high-quality therapy is combined with culturally responsive support, outcomes improve and women get help faster.
We are proud to have provided the therapists, virtual care systems and digital pathways behind this programme. We believe this model could help NHS organisations nationwide cut waiting times and improve recovery rates.”
Women who took part described the programme as life-changing, saying it reduced isolation, gave them confidence speaking with healthcare professionals, and made them more willing to seek help.
With growing pressure on maternity and mental health services, leaders behind the project say the pilot offers a practical solution that improves care while helping cut long waiting lists.
Plans are now being explored to expand the model through training, regional partnerships, and future funding.
Mental health
Poor sleep linked to Alzheimer’s risk in older women – study

Poor sleep may signal higher Alzheimer’s risk in older women with greater genetic risk, a study suggests.
Older women who reported poorer sleep also showed greater memory difficulties and more Alzheimer’s-related brain changes, the study found.
That pattern appeared only in women with higher genetic risk, suggesting sleep complaints may be a stronger warning sign for some women than for others.
Researchers examined 69 women aged 65 years and older taking part in the Women Inflammation Tau Study, an ongoing project focused on ageing and Alzheimer’s disease risk.
Participants completed questionnaires about their sleep quality, underwent memory testing and received brain scans measuring tau. Tau is a protein that accumulates abnormally in Alzheimer’s disease.
The study found that poorer self-reported sleep was associated with worse visual memory performance and greater tau accumulation in brain regions affected early in Alzheimer’s disease, but only among women with higher genetic risk.
Women with lower genetic risk did not show the same relationship between sleep complaints, memory and tau build-up. The finding was specific to visual memory and was not observed for verbal memory.
Researchers said the results add to growing evidence that sleep disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease may reinforce one another over time.
Previous studies have suggested that disrupted sleep can contribute to the build-up of abnormal tau proteins, while Alzheimer’s-related brain changes may also interfere with healthy sleep patterns.
Because women account for nearly two thirds of Alzheimer’s cases and frequently report poorer sleep quality than men, the researchers said sleep may represent an important and potentially modifiable risk factor in older women.
The authors noted that self-reported sleep assessments are inexpensive and easy to administer, raising the possibility that sleep complaints could help identify people who may benefit from closer monitoring or early intervention.
They also suggested that improving sleep could become a target for future Alzheimer’s prevention strategies, particularly for women at elevated genetic risk.
Mental health
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