News
Why microplastics in intimate care demand a scientific response

Dr Olivia Ahn, founder of FLUUS
The FemTech industry is rapidly innovating, but the conversation often neglects a fundamental issue: material safety.
While we focus on digital tracking and advanced fabrics, the tiny, ubiquitous fragments of plastic in our personal care products, microplastics, pose a significant, yet often silent, threat to women’s intimate and systemic health.
As a former doctor who moved into material science, my research focuses on the intersection of these two fields, particularly exploring the pathways through which microplastics from period and intimate care products enter the bloodstream.
The current evidence demands a radical shift in how founders and manufacturers approach product design.
The Ubiquity of the Problem
Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, are no longer confined to remote oceans or deep-sea trenches.
Recent studies have demonstrated their presence in every part of the human body, including the bloodstream, lungs, placenta, and reproductive tissues.
For the FemTech and consumer health sectors, this raises profound questions. While we often focus on microplastics shed from synthetic clothing or food packaging, we must address direct exposure pathways.
Many single-use period pads and liners contain synthetic polymers, adhesives, and backsheets, which are all sources of microplastic shedding through friction and degradation.
Even when the outer layer is organic cotton, the hidden core materials can present a systemic risk.
The Intimate Absorption Pathway: A “Fast Track” to the Bloodstream
The primary concern with microplastics in intimate care lies in the unique vulnerability of the vaginal and vulval mucosa.
Unlike the skin on our arm, which is designed to be a tough, protective barrier (keratinized epithelium), the vaginal mucosa is highly specialised and much more permeable. It is a richly vascularised tissue meaning it contains a high concentration of tiny blood vessels just beneath the surface.
This structure allows for:
1. Rapid Systemic Uptake
The tissue acts almost like a sponge, allowing substances to be absorbed quickly and directly into the circulatory system. In medicine, this pathway is leveraged for rapid drug delivery, confirming its efficiency.
2. Bypassing First-Pass Metabolism
When substances are absorbed through the gut, they pass through the liver, which acts as a primary filter to detoxify or metabolize compounds.
When chemicals or microplastics enter via the vaginal mucosa, they can bypass this critical “first-pass” mechanism, potentially leading to higher systemic exposure levels of the contaminants.
When microplastics are present in a period pad, making prolonged, intimate contact with the mucosa, there is a clear and high-risk pathway for these particles to cross the tissue barrier and enter the bloodstream.
The Broader Implications for Women’s Health
The health impact of microplastics is complex and still emerging, but existing evidence raises serious red flags, particularly for gynaecological and reproductive health:
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress:
Microplastics are known to induce inflammation and oxidative stress in cell cultures and animal models.
Chronic, low-grade inflammation is a foundational mechanism for numerous diseases, including endometriosis, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and cardiovascular issues.
Microplastics has not been linked to be causative to these conditions, but reducing any source of inflammatory burden is critical for overall health.
Hormonal Disruption:

Dr Olivia Ahn
Microplastics can act as carriers, or “Trojan horses,” for endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates and BPA, which are added during plastic manufacturing.
When the microplastic enters the body, it releases this cocktail of EDCs, which mimic or interfere with natural hormones.
This disruption is directly linked to fertility challenges, impaired ovarian function, and altered reproductive development.
Reproductive Tissue Accumulation:
Recent studies are particularly alarming, detecting microplastics in human ovary follicular fluid, semen, and the placenta.
These findings suggest that microplastics are accumulating in the very tissues responsible for reproduction and fetal development, demanding immediate action to minimise exposure.
Setting a New Standard for Integrity
The challenge for founders and manufacturers is no longer merely to sell a product, but to assume full responsibility for its material science and its entire lifecycle.
We must move past the industry’s status quo where products are chemically complex and built to last centuries.
We must advocate for radical transparency in ingredient disclosure and invest in genuine, circular technology that eliminates these pollutants at the source.
The next generation of femtech must prioritise both the user’s health and the planet’s health equally
The Fluus Standard: Zero Microplastics, Zero Waster and Zero Compromise
This drive for scientific integrity is the foundation of Fluus.
We developed our proprietary Flushtec technology to prove that a 100 per cent microplastic-free, fully flushable period pad is not just an ideal, but a reality.
By eliminating plastic SAPs and traditional hot-melt acrylic adhesives, we deliver genuine confidence, ensuring the product fully disintegrates after use, leaving zero waste and zero microplastic residue behind.
Mental health
Neuroscience-backed journaling for women’s mental health

AI-powered journaling app Véa is supporting mental health by helping women to understand their thoughts, triggers and behavioural patterns.
Winner of the Brain and Mental Health Innovation Award at this year’s Femtech World Awards, Véa is designed to address the emotional gap in women’s health technology.
The journal – which has been built by a female team and trained on women’s health papers – tracks inner states, provides personalised insights and somatic practices, and utilises AI to explain complex neuroscience in relatable terms.
Described by its founders as a “protector, seeker, and sculptor”, Véa provides a longitudinal map of women’s emotional journeys, integrating journaling with therapy and both in-person and online community support.
The journal’s goal is to improve women’s mental health without replacing professional care.
Zahra Bhatti, co-founder and CEO and Katrina Zalcmane , co-founder and growth lead speak to Femtech World about the technology, winning a Femtech World Award and their plans for the future.
Women’s health and wellbeing technology has grown so rapidly over the last few years, but is largely focused around physical health. What was the emotional gap that you saw that inspired you to create the journal?
“Women’s health has been focused on reproductive health and physical health, but it is all one ecosystem – it always starts with the mind,” says Zahra.
“Whatever you feel down here, you feel up there too, and the hormones reflect that.
“With Véa, it was actually built from our own personal experience of burnout.
“We wanted to make a space where women could feel safe and were able to reflect what’s on their mind, but also understand their mind the same way that women understand their hormones.
“Women need to understand what happens in our minds. Véa helps women to understand cognitive distortions, why they feel the way they feel, black and white thinking – we wanted to really surface that for them.
“For example, when you’re in your luteal phase, your serotonin levels drop, so that means you’re going to be a bit more nervous.
“You’re going to be more reactive. You’re going to be taking things more deeply, and that’s something that your rational mind wouldn’t normally do if you’re in your ovulation phase.
“So that’s what Véa does – she reflects that back to you, so you understand your body and thought processes.”
Véa describes itself as a journal that’s designed for the female mind. What does that mean in practice, and how does the experience differ from using traditional journaling?
“The majority of our team is female, so Véa has been built from all of our lived experiences, and the AI itself is trained on women’s health papers,” says Katrina.
“It takes into account what having a certain condition means for individuals. For example, if you have endometriosis or PCOS, We’ve trained our AI on womens health data and research, which gets reflected back to the woman in a simple and effective way
“We have a clinical board, who are all also women, who look through the AI and the language. They ensure that all outputs are evidence based, ethical and take into account the various therapies which are proven to work for women.
“We also have somatic practices which are focused on women which we call “rituals”. We have a self-inquiry ritual, a confidence mirror ritual, or we have one of our psychotherapists on the board who does therapy through novels, for example.
“These aim to make you the protagonist of your story.
“Generic journaling apps are one size fits all, but women are not one size fits all, and that’s what we’ve made sure to put in the forefront of Véa.”
Instead of conventional mood tracking, you are focused on the inner states of women. How do you develop that approach, and what kind of insights has it revealed about how women reflect on their emotions?
Katrina says: “Mood plays a part in our inner state and Véa checks in on that.
“It allows you to have a journey across time. For example, on a good day, maybe their “protector” aspect is good at setting boundaries, but on a bad day, it could be really closed off.
“It’s a richer approach, and these inner states are tied to specific prompts which are then linked in the journaling.”
“As women, we are fluid,” adds Zahra.
“We are not one entity.
“For example, you might be in a state where you’re really overthinking, but actually, you’re seeking new perspectives, and that’s why within Véa, the inner state is called a “seeker”.
“When you converse with Véa in your seeker mode, she will challenge you in a Socratic way.
“However, the next day, you might be a “protector”, and then Véa will adjust her voice for a reflective and exploratory tone compared to when you were a seeker.
“Another state which I love is the “sculptor” which is when you’re feeling confident.
“When you’re a sculptor, Véa will talk about how you can be creative, asking questions such as ‘what did you create today?’ ‘How did that make you feel?’ and ‘How would you describe that if you could put a shape to this color, this feeling?’, for example.
“Véa goes into all of these different modes, and it builds a longitudinal map of the woman as well. So, throughout weeks, months and years, you can see how you’ve changed across time.”
How did you approach designing an AI companion that feels supportive without replacing human connection or professional care?
“For the past six years, I’ve been a product manager. So I’ve seen how all of these web apps and applications have been built, and I’ve worked quite deeply with AI so I knew what was missing and like what women truly needed,” says Zahra.
“The key thing for us is that we want to bring “URL to IRL” [in real life].
“We have a community that goes alongside Véa. This includes a WhatsApp community and events.
“We turn the rituals inside Véa into in-person workshops at our events with our clinical board and with professionals in the space.
“We are not neuroscientists, but there are neuroscientists who have helped us build the app, and we make sure that AI is there to support you, but AI will never replace that human touch.
“That’s something that’s very close to us, and we want to make sure we connect people together and help people reflect in a safe space.
“As well as AI, there is the option to talk to the clinical board, to use their rituals, to reflect with the community, and go to our events.”
Katrina adds: “The key is that whatever the touch point is, whether it’s the app or it is an event or even our online community, we don’t want women to feel alone. We want them to feel together, grow together, and process together.”
People may often start journaling with good intentions, but struggle to stick with the practice. What have you learned about building habits and how those insights have shaped the experience of your product?
Zahra says: “I think everyone wants to gamify things – what helps us is the community aspect.
“We’ve created a tribe through the community, and because it’s so hyper personalised, you help shape the app, the app doesn’t shape you. You have full control, which makes people want to come back.
“Véa remembers what you said yesterday as well as six weeks ago, and she will surface that.
“We do have “streaks”, but our streaks are very gentle – every time you get a streak, you get a neuroscience fact along with it.
“Something else we have built in that helps retention is “breakthroughs”. When Véa detects a shift in language, and will highlight, for example, that you have shifted from overthinking to certainty.”
“I think people are sick of data, they’re sick of data that they can’t interpret from. Véa interprets for you.
“Soon we will evolve even more and add more features such as cycle tracking, wearable tracking and hormone tracking, to build out that ecosystem.”
What does success look like for Véa and how do you see the app and the community evolving as you move forward?
“We want to launch across so many different markets. Our next target is the US,” explains Katrina.
“We want to bring our events over there as well. We do a lot of corporate events too. We have one with NatWest coming up – we know that work stress is a big thing, especially amongst females.
“I think there’s a real space for that in the corporate world, so that’s one of our key focuses.”
Zahra adds: “Growing in markets and keeping going with our communities. We have just launched a supper club which sold out in three days in Manchester, which is absolutely amazing. We’re doing some in London and Amsterdam as well in the next few months. We are focused on growth, growing our board as well, and keeping the female mind at the center.”
What does it mean to win the Femtech World Award?
Katrina says: “When you are so passionate and truly believe in something, you do it for that reason, but that external validation of seeing that it also matters for others in the wider space means so much.
“Especially, in Femtech – it is a whole category that has been growing, but when it comes to funding and recognising women’s issues, there is still a lot of awareness that needs to be raised.
“Being recognised gives us that fuel to continue and drive forward, and that it really does matter.”
“We want to be at the forefront of women’s mental wellness as a whole, and have put many sleepless nights into developing the app, so it is a big testament to that,” adds Zahra.
Features
Gender gap in treatment persists even when men and women have same condition

Women with the same medical conditions as men were less likely to receive the same treatment across several specialties, a global research review found.
The review found differences in care for conditions including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and Parkinson’s, with women less likely to receive some active treatments.
Of 38 studies analysed, 33 found women were less likely than men to be offered active treatment.
Researchers at the University of St Andrews found women with myocardial infarction, heart failure or an irregular heartbeat were more likely to receive medication, while men were more likely to undergo coronary bypass surgery, stenting or other surgical treatment.
Women were also less likely to be prescribed statins.
Men with Parkinson’s were more likely to be referred for deep brain stimulation.
Men with liver failure were more likely to receive a transplant, while women with kidney disease requiring dialysis were less likely to receive permanent access and spent longer using a catheter.
Women were also less likely to receive opioids for pain management.
The researchers found no significant difference between women and men in treatment for stroke or diabetes, while women were more likely to receive treatment for dementia.
None of the studies identified clinical guidelines recommending different treatment based on sex.
Researchers said this suggested the differences could not be explained by the need for different clinical approaches to women’s health.
Dr Andrew O’Malley, who co-led the study, said: “For clinicians, the findings are a prompt to check whether treatment is being offered on clinical grounds rather than assumption.”
He said studies showed doctors more often attributed women’s symptoms to anxiety and made more diagnostic errors with female patients, even when test results were positive.
Dr Miriam Veenhuizen, honorary lecturer in the School of Medicine at St Andrews, said: “While the direction of the findings was not a surprise, the consistency was. The same pattern appeared in cardiology, surgery, transplant medicine and emergency care, and it survived statistical adjustment in most studies.”
Mental health
Women with multiple health conditions face higher pregnancy risks, study shows

Women entering pregnancy with multiple long-term health conditions face higher risks of miscarriage and other complications, a UK study found.
Those with two or more pre-existing physical or mental health conditions had a 20 per cent higher risk of miscarriage than women with no long-term conditions.
They also had more than twice the risk of venous thromboembolism and around four times the risk of antenatal anxiety and depression.
The UK-wide research team analysed 2,225,701 pregnancies and birth events recorded between 2000 and 2022 across five datasets covering England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Women with multiple long-term conditions had a 69 per cent higher risk of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy and a 42 per cent higher risk of pre-eclampsia.
The women also had a 32 per cent higher risk of placental abruption and a 26 per cent higher risk of gestational diabetes.
Risks rose as the number of existing conditions increased.
Among women with three or more long-term conditions, the risk of venous thromboembolism was more than three-and-a-half times that of women with no long-term conditions.
Researchers said the findings had implications for maternity services, where care pathways are largely centred on individual conditions and may not adequately meet the needs of women with multiple long-term conditions.
Dr Kelly-Ann Eastwood, joint senior author and honorary lecturer at Queen’s University Belfast and consultant obstetrician at St Michael’s Hospital, Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, said the results “help define” the urgent clinical challenges facing women entering pregnancy with multiple long-term conditions and the clinicians caring for them across the UK.
“These findings highlight the pressing need to restructure existing maternity services to improve antenatal outcomes,” she added.
The authors cautioned that the study was observational and relied on routinely collected health records, meaning some conditions and outcomes may have been under-recorded, while residual confounding could not be excluded.
The researchers plan to examine birth and child outcomes and identify which combinations of long-term conditions carry the greatest risk.
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