Mental health
Childhood trauma linked to higher risk of endometriosis, study finds

Women who experience trauma or hardship in childhood may have up to twice the risk of developing endometriosis later in life, new research has found.
A study involving more than 1.3 million women found those exposed to violence in childhood were over twice as likely to be diagnosed with the condition compared to those who were not.
The risk of endometriosis was 20 per cent higher in women who experienced any form of childhood adversity and rose to 60 per cent among those with five or more adverse experiences.
The research, conducted in Sweden, analysed data from women born between 1974 and 2001. More than 24,000 of them had received a diagnosis of endometriosis.
Researchers used national health and social records to examine childhood circumstances.
Factors included having parents with mental illness, intellectual disability, financial hardship or substance misuse, being born to a teenage parent, experiencing bereavement, or being exposed to violence or sexual abuse.
All factors studied—except bereavement—were linked to an increased risk of developing endometriosis in later life.
Marika Rostvall is first author of the study and a physician and doctoral student at the Department of Global Public Health at Karolinska Institutet.
The researcher said: “We also saw that the more adverse experiences in childhood, the higher the risk. Among those who had five or more factors, the risk increased to 60 per cent.”
The most significant increase was seen in women who had been exposed to violence, who had more than double the risk of being diagnosed with endometriosis.
Rostvall said: “The results suggest that early life experiences can affect the body’s health much later in life and highlight the importance of looking at the whole person, not just the symptoms.
“The findings are also in line with previous research showing that difficulties in childhood have profound consequences for future health.”
While the biological mechanism is not yet fully understood, Rostvall suggested two possible explanations.
One is that stress during childhood may impair immune system function, reducing its ability to remove endometrial tissue from the body.
Another is that trauma could increase sensitivity to pain, making symptoms more likely to be noticed and diagnosed.
Rostvall said: “I hope that the findings can be used to improve both preventive measures and treatment in healthcare,” she added.
As the study is observational, it does not establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship.
Entrepreneur
Screen time reduction app awarded £15k in women-led startup competition

A screen time app that lets friends cut their phone use together has won the £15,000 top prize in a women-led startup competition.
Snitch, led by design engineering MEng graduate Asha Bakhai, took first place at WE Innovate, Imperial College London’s flagship competition for women-led startups.
The team aims to tackle excessive screen use among young people, which some research suggests may have a negative effect on mental and physical health.
The app lets users join accountability groups and set shared limits across their most-used apps.
When one person scrolls, the group’s combined timer counts down. Its founders say this helps build awareness, encourages reflection and supports small changes in behaviour by making screen use a shared responsibility.
Speaking at the WE Innovate Grand Final, Bakhai, co-founder and chief executive of Snitch, said: “Thank you to all the people who have been involved with thinking about what it could look like for young people to not be addicted to their phones.
“Whether that’s our friends who we started this with – exchanging screen time passwords and things like that – or the users along the way who beta tested with us, or our families and our friends who we’ve forced to use our app, even though it failed and bugged out and blocked all their apps. Thank you to all of them – and especially, thank you to WE Innovate for making all of this happen.”
Snitch’s team also includes co-founders Serena Sebastian and Yoshiki Berrecloth.
WE Innovate is a six-month pre-accelerator run by Imperial Enterprise Lab for teams led by female students, recent alumni and early career researchers.
The programme supports 25 women-led teams through masterclasses, business coaching, one-to-one expert support and peer mentoring.
The top five teams competed for a share of a £30,000 prize fund.
Professor Hugh Brady, president of Imperial College London, said: “WE Innovate was born out of the realisation that women founders were grossly underrepresented among our wider founder group across the university – so it was an imperative for Imperial to start such a programme.
“It was just last year that we heard Dame Alison Rose, author of the Rose Review, speak about the untapped economic opportunity and potential of women entrepreneurs in the UK.
“After 12 years, this programme has supported hundreds of women entrepreneurs, leading to exciting ventures across health tech, clean tech and all aspects of deep tech.”
The winning teams were selected by a panel including Kristen McLeod CBE, chief strategy officer at the British Business Bank, and Elizabeth Gooch MBE, founder and former chief executive of EGS plc.
The panel also included Pierre N. Rolin, founder and chief executive of Ankh Impact Ventures, and Professor Mary Ryan, vice-provost for research and enterprise at Imperial.
The final marked the second year of WE Innovate National, a UK-wide programme with separate Grand Final showcases held this month at Queen’s University Belfast, Swansea University and Loughborough University.
Joanna Jensen, founder of skincare brand Childs Farm, gave a keynote address about her experiences as an entrepreneur and co-writing The Rise Report of Female Entrepreneurship.
The report found that the UK economy would be £310bn larger if women started and scaled businesses at the same rate as men.
Jensen said 78 per cent of the founders surveyed reported that human connection had been central to their journey, while one in seven identified loneliness as their biggest challenge as an entrepreneur.
She said: “That is why what Imperial is doing matters so profoundly. Not just here in South Kensington but as WE Innovate goes national.
“Because a founder in Loughborough, Durham or Swansea deserves the same access to networks, mentors, capital and belief as a founder sitting in this room tonight.
“Talent is everywhere. Opportunity, until now, has not been.
“A nationwide network for female founders, being backed by women and men, having doors opened for them by women and men, and then paying that forward: that is how you close a £310 billion gap.
“Not with one programme. With a system of programmes, joined up across the country, and held to account on outcomes.”
Waypoint, led by innovation design engineering MSc student Bana Quronfuleh, received the £7,000 second prize.
The team is developing a video game controller that allows visually impaired players to hear and feel popular games.
AlphaVectors Biotech, led by Imperial alumnus Dr Apanpreet Kaur, received the £5,000 third prize for its lipid nanoparticle platform, which aims to improve the stability of RNA vaccines at room temperature.
Lipid nanoparticles are tiny fat-based particles used to protect and deliver genetic material, including the RNA found in some vaccines.
The other finalists, FluoroCycle and Epile-X, each received £1,500.
PHlora LABS received the Lauren Dennis Award, which was established in memory of a pioneering WE Innovate alumnus, for developing a synbiotic suppository intended to prevent recurrent vaginal infections.
Synbiotics combine beneficial microorganisms called probiotics with substances known as prebiotics, which help them grow.
The award recognises a team demonstrating exceptional entrepreneurial spirit in science, technology, engineering and mathematics and includes a six-month business coaching package.
DisoLens received the Engineers in Business Award, sponsored by the Engineers in Business Fellowship.
The award provides each winner with £1,500 in grant funding, mentorship and a professional CV package for entrepreneurs working across engineering sciences.
The team is developing a self-dissolving biodegradable contact lens intended to remove the need for lenses to be taken out each day.
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Mental health
Pilates may improve heart and metabolic health in sedentary women, study finds

A four-week Pilates programme may improve heart, metabolic and stress measures in previously sedentary women, a small study suggests.
Pilates is a mind-body form of exercise that has been linked to better fitness, balance, posture, muscular endurance, mental wellbeing and quality of life in different groups.
Built around breathing, concentration, control, precision, centring and flow, Pilates is already used in physiotherapy, rehabilitation and preventive health. The new study looked at whether a structured four-week programme could affect cardiovascular, metabolic, body and stress-related measures in sedentary adult women.
The longitudinal study included 30 sedentary women split into two age groups, 30 to 40 and 50 to 60.
All participants completed a standardised, supervised Pilates programme lasting four weeks, with three sessions a week lasting 50 to 60 minutes.
Researchers measured resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, abdominal circumference, fasting blood glucose and serum cortisol at the start and end of the programme.
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure are the top and bottom readings in a blood pressure test. Cortisol is a hormone linked to the body’s stress response.
The four-week Pilates programme was linked to improvements in cardiovascular, metabolic, body and neuroendocrine measures, although not every change reached statistical significance within each age group.
In the younger group, significant reductions were seen in heart rate, blood pressure, body mass index and fasting blood glucose after the intervention.
The reduction in blood pressure after the programme was significantly greater in the older group than in the younger group.
Older participants also showed a greater reduction in glucose and cortisol levels after the intervention than younger participants.
Analysis also found significant links between cardiovascular, metabolic and neuroendocrine changes.
In the younger group, this was particularly seen between heart rate and blood pressure responses.
In the older group, it was particularly seen between changes in body mass index and fasting glucose.
The findings suggest Pilates could be a useful multidimensional exercise approach for cardiometabolic health and stress regulation in previously sedentary women.
The researchers said the larger reduction in blood pressure seen in the older group may reflect a higher cardiometabolic burden at the start, leaving more room for improvement after the programme.
The greater reduction in fasting glucose and cortisol in older participants may similarly suggest that people with higher baseline metabolic and neuroendocrine dysfunction could benefit more from structured exercise such as Pilates.
Although Pilates is known to improve body composition through energy use, neuromuscular activation and support for healthier habits, the researchers said the fall in body mass index over four weeks is unlikely to be explained by Pilates alone.
They noted that participants were also told to avoid alcohol, sugar-containing products and sugar-sweetened drinks during the intervention, which may have contributed to the change.
In the younger group, the link between heart rate and blood pressure suggested coordinated cardiovascular responses after Pilates.
The researchers also found that cortisol appeared to be linked to blood pressure and body mass index, suggesting stress-related changes may be tied to cardiovascular and body regulation after the intervention.
In the older group, the link between body mass index and fasting glucose highlighted the relationship between body fat and metabolic regulation.
A positive link between blood pressure and body mass index in this group also suggested that improvements in vascular regulation may be associated with reductions in body mass.
Overall, the findings suggest Pilates-related physiological changes may involve interconnected cardiovascular, body, metabolic and neuroendocrine mechanisms, with different response patterns by age.
The study has important limits. It did not include a non-exercise control group, so it cannot prove Pilates directly caused the changes.
The sample size was also small, which limits how far the findings can be applied more widely.
The authors also noted that cortisol was measured using a single fasting morning sample, which limits conclusions about broader hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation, the system involved in the body’s stress response.
They said larger studies with longer follow-up will be needed to confirm whether Pilates causes these physiological changes over time.
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