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Opinion

Why digital health needs a definitive definition

By Cindy Moy Carr, founder and CEO of Vorsdatter Limited

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Digital health is loosely defined as any type of healthcare application that is software-based. Or is it?

A 2020 overview of 1,527 papers by Fatehi et al. found 95 unique definitions of digital health. The authors noted “digital health, as has been used in the literature, is more concerned about the provision of healthcare rather than the use of technology”.

They added: “Well-being of people, both at population and individual levels, have been more emphasised than the care of patients suffering from disease.”

They also suggested the dominant concept in digital health is mobile health or mHealth, which is associated with concepts such as telehealth, eHealth, and artificial intelligence in healthcare – none of which particularly helps an investor that wants to become part of what is a revolution in healthcare.

From 2011 to 2021, digital health funding and deals climbed from 94 deals and a total of US$1.2bn to 729 deals for a total of US$29.1bn. The average deal size in 2021 was US$39.9m, according to Rock Health.

In my experience in talking to potential investors, they’re excited about digital health. They’ve heard about it and want to get involved in it.

But they’re not sure what it is. Is it software? Is it hardware? Is it a device like the Apple Watch? Hospital software? Implantable chips or a ring to wear on your finger?

Most importantly to potential investors, how can they make money from it in a relatively short time frame?

Digital health has the potential to transform healthcare and improve quality of patient care. It can drive efficiencies and decrease costs. But it’s important that everyone involved understands what it is.

A few thoughts on definitions

Often, the definition of “digital health” is built on tools. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s definition includes, “Categories such as mobile health (mHealth), health information technology (IT), wearable devices, telehealth and telemedicine, and personalized medicine.”

Another definition, from Mesko et al., is based on societal impact or vision: “…the cultural transformation of how disruptive technologies that provide digital and objective data accessible to both caregivers and patients leads to an equal level doctor-patient relationship with shared decision-making and the democratization of care.”

The Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) proposes: “Digital health connects and empowers people and populations to manage health and wellness, augmented by accessible and supportive provider teams working within flexible, integrated, interoperable, and digitally-enabled care environments that strategically leverage digital tools, technologies and services to transform care delivery.”

These are complicated definitions, for sure, and as someone running a digital health company, I prefer the broader and looser definition of a software-based health application.

It covers a range of modalities, including wearable devices, telehealth, online portals, and apps. Another definition could be “where healthcare and the internet meet.”

Why should we care?

One reason to care is that digital connectivity changed everything. Although there are still obstacles with interoperability — how data from one device or system communicates with another system or device — the current impact and future impact are considerable.

Consider five possible benefits:

  1. As is well understood, appropriate healthcare is unequal, often limited by socio-economic status, geography, and cultural issues. Women use our apps, mySysters (iOS) and Hot Flash Sisters (Android), to manage perimenopause and menopause symptoms. They were developed during my own experience of caring for small children, a spouse who survived a heart attack at the age of forty-eight, a mother with dementia, and an elderly father, all while experiencing severe perimenopause symptoms including migraines, dry eyes and repeated UTIs. At the time I was living in Minnesota–home to the biggest concentration of medical device companies in the US, as well as the Mayo Clinic–and married to a biomedical engineer. Despite health insurance, geography, and other resources, it was ten years–TEN YEARS–before I was able to access medical care for perimenopause. Seven years later, the healthcare situation has not improved for most women. Half of US counties do not have a single ob/gyn. Of those that do, many understandably prioritise pregnant patients, leaving perimenopausal and menopausal women with nowhere to turn. Use of a digital health application enables a person to actively learn about and manage her symptoms through lifestyle changes before making a doctor appointment.
  2. Efficiency. Digital health can streamline communication with healthcare providers and potentially decrease unnecessary site visits. Women who track their symptoms are more engaged and informed patients. Physicians may have fewer than ten minutes to spend with each patient. Imagine the level of care received by one of our customers who walked in and presented twelve weeks of data on every migraine, hot flash and night sweat she experienced compared to my initial doctor visits in 2007 when I’d never even heard the term ‘night sweat,’ much less whether I’d had one or when.
  3. Lower costs. Improved efficiency can decrease costs. Reduce the time physicians and staff spend on in-person patient visits and decrease costs. More importantly, more accurate and faster diagnoses can avoid unnecessary procedures. The data is still undeveloped, however. A 2022 study published in Front Public Health by Gentili et al. reported, “Findings on cost-effectiveness of digital interventions showed a growing body of evidence and suggested a generally favorable effect in terms of costs and health outcomes.” But due to the heterogeneity of reports, it was difficult to compare effectiveness between approaches.
  4. Better quality. A 2022 review of 54 digital health studies published in Digital Health found that the “majority of reviews describe improved health behavior, enhanced assessment, treatment compliance, and better coordination as the main approach of quality improvement via digital health.” Although electronic health records (EHR) are common now, patient and healthcare data8 aren’t being appropriately accessed, analyzed, and linked to alerts to notify providers and patients that action is required.
  5. Personalised medicine. Sometimes dubbed personalised health care (PHC), personalised medicine is a scaffolding for patient care linking predictive technologies with an engaged patient to promote health and disease prevention. The goal, simply, is to treat individuals, and not treat healthcare as one-size-fits-all. Further, but more effectively treating patients, digital health should decrease costs while improving outcomes.

Where is the money going?

Investor interest is a good reason to settle on a reasonable definition of digital health. GSR Ventures conducted a survey of 50 digital health venture capital investors at the end of 2022 and expected there to be investments from about US$15bn to US$25bn in 2023.

In 2021, digital health investment hit US$29.1bn, per Rock Health, a jump from US$15bn in 2020.

Last year was actually down, around US$12.6bn, but 2023 is projected to be similar to 2020.

Not unusual, investors are interested in a high return on investment (ROI). Another factor investors appear interested in is clinical validation of a technology’s platform. That makes sense and is only likely to become more important as the sector matures.

In addition, any digital health solution that reduces ongoing labor shortages in healthcare or can help with administrative burdens is likely to be of interest to investors.

Approximately 40 per cent to 50 per cent of health-tech investing since 2019, worth about US$30bn, has been toward alternative care, according to Chris Moniz, market manager in Silicon Valley Bank’s HealthTech & Devices segment. This has included telehealth, home dialysis machines, and a variety of remote trackers.

Moniz believes two subsectors of alternative care will be the hot new areas of growth: mental health and women’s health.

One thing is certain. There’s still quite a bit of interest in digital health. And its impact has the potential to be huge.

 

Cindy Moy Carr is the founder and CEO of Vorsdatter Limited which developed mySysters, an app for perimenopause and menopause. She’s an attorney and journalist who authored the American Bar Association’s Guide to Health Care Law.

Opinion

From platforms to people: The next era of femtech

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By Katrina Zalcmane, head of partnerships and growth, Véa

The next era of femtech shifts focus from platforms to people as women rethink how technology fits into wellness and social life.

Women are spending less time on ambient, always-on digital environments and more time in bounded, intentional, in-person settings.

This is not a rejection of technology but a reprioritisation of how and where it belongs. For femtech, this shift is not cosmetic. It signals a structural change in user expectations – one that has implications for product design, engagement models and long-term relevance. 

I explore three key signals underpinning this shift: reduced engagement with social media platforms, the resurgence of in-person, women-led communities and growing fatigue with fragmented digital tools.

Signal 1: Declining Engagement With Social Platforms Among Women

Multiple data sources point to a flattening or decline in engagement with traditional social media platforms, particularly among women:

  • Pew Research Center reports that adults are increasingly “actively limiting” their social media use, with women more likely than men to cite emotional exhaustion and reduced wellbeing as reasons.
  • Ofcom’s Online Nation report shows year-on-year declines in time spent on social platforms among UK women aged 25–44, alongside rising use of messaging and offline coordination tools.
  • Meta itself has acknowledged a shift away from “social graph” engagement toward private, smaller-group interactions in recent earnings calls.

While this is not mass abandonment, it does indicate selective withdrawal: fewer platforms, less ambient presence, more intentional use.

Signal 2: The Rise of In-Person, Women-Led Communities

At the same time, participation in physical, community-based activities has increased. Examples include:

  • the growth of women-led run clubs and fitness collectives across major cities, often operating independently of digital platforms;
  • the expansion of paid, small-scale retreats and circles focused on reflection, creativity or embodiment;
  • increased demand for local, recurring group experiences rather than one-off events.

While women are stepping back from social platforms, they are stepping into real-world communities. ONS data on social capital shows a post-pandemic rebound in in-person participation, particularly among women aged 25-45, with a preference for smaller, repeat gatherings over large social events.

What distinguishes this wave of community-building is intentionality. These spaces are bounded, often invitation-based and deliberately offline.

They are designed to counteract overstimulation rather than add to it.

Signal 3: Tool Fatigue and the Consolidation of Digital Habits

Alongside social media fatigue, there is growing evidence of “tool fatigue” across wellness and productivity categories:

  • App retention rates across health and wellness remain low, with industry benchmarks showing that fewer than 25 per cent of users remain active after 30 days.
  • Deloitte’s Digital Consumer Trends report notes a move toward app consolidation, with users preferring fewer, multi-purpose tools over fragmented stacks.
  • Qualitative studies show women are particularly sensitive to cognitive overload caused by managing multiple apps for mood, cycles, health, reflection and social coordination*.

The implication is not that women want less support but that they want smarter, simpler tools that can actually help manage their inner lives.

What This Means: A Shift in the Role of Technology

Taken together, these signals point to a clear trend: technology is moving from being a primary site of social life to a supporting layer around it.

Women are not asking apps to become communities. They are asking them to:

  • help them reflect and process privately;
  • reduce cognitive and emotional clutter;
  • support real-world relationships rather than replace them;
  • operate in bounded, intentional ways.

This reframes success metrics. Engagement time and daily active use become less meaningful than whether a tool genuinely increases capacity, clarity and presence outside the app.

Implications for Femtech

For femtech, this marks a decisive transition. The first phase of femtech focused on visibility: tracking cycles, symptoms and bodily data that had previously been ignored.

The next phase will focus on integration: helping women make sense of experience in ways that support how they live, relate and gather.

Femtech products that attempt to:

  • replicate community digitally,
  • build social feeds under the banner of wellbeing,
  • position AI as a substitute for real connection,

risk misaligning with where behaviour is actually moving. 

By contrast, femtech that treats technology as infrastructure, not destination, is better positioned for longevity.

Where Véa Fits

Véa was built with this shift in mind.

Rather than attempting to replace connection or build another social layer, Véa focuses on internal processing – neuroscience-backed journaling, emotional pattern recognition and reflective AI support – so that women can show up more clearly in their real lives.

Importantly, Véa is not only a digital tool.

It is designed to extend into physical space, through curated in-person experiences and community gatherings that prioritise presence, embodiment and shared reflection.

The digital layer exists to support the human one, not compete with it. In a context of tool fatigue and selective disengagement, this hybrid model – digital support paired with real-world interaction – aligns closely with how women are choosing to engage today.

Over the next decade, the most resilient femtech products will not be those that maximise time spent inside ecosystems but those that give women back the capacity to return to their lives – with greater clarity, energy and real-world connection.

It’s time to design femtech that empowers presence over engagement.

*Reich-Stiebert, N., Froehlich, L. and Voltmer, J.-B. (2023). ‘Gendered mental labor: A systematic literature review on the cognitive dimension of unpaid work within the household and childcare’, Sex Roles, 88, pp. 475–494.

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Opinion

How Women in Tech Switch Off Without Switching Off

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Modern tech work blurs the boundary between focus and fatigue. Notifications spill into evenings, side projects jostle for attention, and the same screens we use to ship code stream our downtime. The answer is not to disconnect completely. It is to design small, protective rituals that restore energy while keeping a gentle sense of control. Short, low pressure restorative online play can sit alongside other evening habits without draining tomorrow’s focus.

Make Recovery a Feature, Not a Fix

Burnout rarely arrives in a single moment. It builds through micro stresses that never get cleared. Treat recovery as a product feature you ship every evening, simple and reliable rather than grand and rare. Start with boundaries that mark the end of the workday. Close the laptop, write a one line note about tomorrow’s first task, and put your kit out of sight. That single gesture creates a clean edge the brain respects.

Then change the environment. Shift lighting from cool to warm, swap the chair for the sofa, and set your phone to a calmer home screen. These cues matter. They tell your nervous system the mode has changed so you can mix mental rest with light engagement that still feels intentional.

Short, Screen-literate Rituals That Actually Work

  • A ten minute mobility or stretch video resets posture after hours at a desk
  • A tidy loop, like clearing the downloads folder or filing screenshots, reduces digital noise
  • A breath guided practice that ends on the dot gives a measurable downshift
  • A single chapter of a book or a short podcast episode keeps attention light and finite

When energy is low, aim for the smallest possible win. Two minutes of breathing still counts. One drawer tidied is still progress. Preserve the shape of recovery rather than chasing perfection.

Where Light Online Play Fits

Play is a human need, not a teenage phase. In the right dose it helps down regulate stress and restores a sense of agency after a day of reacting to tickets and pings. Keep it light and bounded. Choose modes that resolve in fifteen to twenty minutes, mute work apps, and set a visible stop time before you start. The aim is a calm, finite session that ends cleanly.

Cosy builders, puzzles, or narrative adventures often deliver novelty without social pressure. If you prefer something social, co-op rounds that finish quickly provide connection without dragging the night. Headphones with a gentle volume limit protect shared spaces and evening quiet.

Pair play with tiny chores so life runs smoother. Start a short download, fold laundry while it completes, then enjoy your round guilt free because the house already feels calmer. This is deliberate energy management, not indulgence.

Design a Space That Calms On Sight

  • Put a warm lamp on a simple timer so evenings do not begin under harsh light
  • Keep controllers, headphones, and chargers in one tray so play starts cleanly and puts away fast
  • Use a standing phone dock during dinner to avoid reflex checks
  • Keep the bedroom device light and cool in tone so your brain associates the space with sleep

If you live with others, make the evening rhythm visible. A shared quiet hours note, a soft household wind down alarm, and a last call for dishwashing help everyone respect the boundary between work and rest.

A Weeknight Template That Holds Under Pressure

  • Shutdown: one line for tomorrow, close tabs, quick desk tidy
  • Reset: ten to fifteen minutes to settle the kitchen and lay out morning basics
  • Nourish: simple dinner that keeps cleanup minimal
  • Reward: one short activity on a timer, with light online play as an option
  • Wind down: warm lights, gentle stretch, phone on do not disturb, consistent lights out

If you miss a step, shrink it rather than skipping the whole routine. Small completions compound. Over a month they beat heroic bursts every time.

Leadership Starts With Example

Team norms shape personal wellbeing more than any tool. If you manage others, model sane hours and visible shutdowns. Delay send late emails, publish focus blocks, and praise outcomes over urgency theatre. Encourage short, restorative breaks through the day so evenings do not have to undo quite as much. When leaders normalise humane rhythms, teams follow and results improve because people are not running on fumes.

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Opinion

Why period pain feels worse in winter

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By Ruby Raut, founder and CEO, WUKA

If you have ever noticed that your cramps feel sharper, your mood dips harder, or your energy seems to disappear during the colder months, you are not imagining it. Winter can genuinely make periods feel more painful and more difficult to manage. The combination of cold weather, less sunlight, increased tension in the body, and reduced activity creates the perfect storm for stronger cramps and heavier emotional symptoms.

Understanding why this happens gives you the power to manage your cycle with more confidence. Here is the most digestible explanation of why winter and period pain are so closely linked.

Cold weather tightens blood vessels

When temperatures drop, your body goes into protection mode. To conserve heat, it tightens your blood vessels, especially around your hands, feet, and lower abdomen. While this is a smart survival response, it comes with an unwanted side effect for menstruation.

Your uterus is a muscle. Like any muscle, it needs good blood flow to relax and function smoothly. When the blood vessels around your pelvis tighten, circulation naturally becomes slower. Less blood flow means the uterus has to contract harder to shed its lining, and this can make cramps feel deeper, sharper, and more persistent.

This is why heat has always been one of the most effective comfort tools during a period. Warmth helps blood vessels open again, improves circulation, and relaxes the muscle of the uterus.

Your muscles tense up in the cold

Cold weather does more than chill your skin. It makes your whole body tighten without you even realising it. Think about how your shoulders creep upward when you step into the winter air or how your spine curls slightly for warmth. The same tension can build in your abdomen and pelvic floor.

Tighter muscles mean more resistance against the natural contractions of the uterus. When everything around the uterus is tense, cramps can feel more intense and more difficult to soothe. Even mild pain can feel magnified when the surrounding muscles are already stiff.

This is one of the reasons gentle movement, stretching, and warm baths can make such a difference during winter periods. Anything that eases tension also eases pain.

Less sunlight affects your mood and pain perception

Winter brings shorter days and longer nights, and that naturally reduces your exposure to sunlight. Sunlight plays a key role in regulating serotonin, the hormone that helps stabilise mood and influences how we experience pain.

Lower serotonin can lead to lower energy, stronger mood swings, and more emotional sensitivity. Because serotonin also impacts the way the brain processes discomfort, low levels can make cramps feel more intense.

This emotional shift can make PMS symptoms feel heavier too. Irritability, sadness, and bloating can all feel amplified during the colder months, creating a cycle that feels harder to manage.

Winter usually means less movement

Colder months naturally lead to less physical activity. We walk less, we spend more time indoors, and many people find it harder to stay motivated to exercise. While rest is important, the lack of movement has a direct impact on period pain.

Moving your body improves blood circulation and reduces inflammation. When you sit for longer or avoid movement due to cold weather, blood flow becomes slower and inflammation can rise. Both of these factors contribute to stronger cramps.

Even gentle activity makes a difference. A short stretch, a ten minute walk, or simple breathing exercises that open the chest and abdomen can support circulation and ease pain.

Prostaglandins may spike in colder weather

Prostaglandins are natural chemicals that help the uterus contract during menstruation. Higher levels are linked to stronger cramps and heavier flow. Some research suggests that colder temperatures and lower physical activity may increase the production of prostaglandins, although this varies from person to person.

This means that the natural winter slowdown combined with the physical effects of cold weather can lead to more intense uterine contractions, which again results in more painful periods.

How to make winter periods easier

The good news is that small, accessible habits can make a big difference to how your body feels during winter.

Use warmth generously

Heat patches, warm showers, hot water bottles and cosy clothing help open up blood vessels and soothe the uterine muscle.

Move your body even a little

Short walks, stretching routines or low impact workouts help improve circulation and reduce inflammation.

Support your mood with sunlight

Get outside during daylight hours whenever possible. Sitting near windows or using a light therapy lamp can also support serotonin levels.

Eat warming and nourishing foods

Soups, ginger, turmeric and herbal teas help comfort the body and may reduce inflammation.

Choose period products that keep you comfortable

Secure, breathable period underwear can help you feel more relaxed and confident, especially when your body already feels tense from the cold.

Winter does not have to mean more painful cycles.

With warmth, gentle movement, and an understanding of how your body responds to the season, you can navigate cold month periods with more comfort and control.

Find out more about WUKA at wuka.co.uk

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