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Millennial women are missing lifesaving cancer checks – how to close the cervical screening gap

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As new European research shows millennials are more likely to miss cervical cancer screenings than any other generation, experts warn that failing to address major barriers – from fear to family and workplace pressures – could undermine global elimination targets.

Results from a survey of over 5,500 women aged 16-64 found that 31 per cent of eligible millennials have postponed or missed their cervical screening appointments, a figure that is 27 per cent higher than the average across all age groups. 

The research, commissioned by Roche Diagnostics and conducted by GWI across six European countries, also found that, despite screening services being widely available free of charge or heavily subsidised in many countries, specific challenges make accessing routine cervical screening difficult for some.

Fears related to pain, embarrassment or stigma surrounding cervical screenings are well-documented as contributing to lower screening rates. But the research also reveals particular challenges millennials face in balancing careers, caregiving responsibilities, and relationships often result in appointments being missed or delayed at a higher rate compared to other age groups.

The ‘have it all’ generation?

“Millennials are often said to be the ‘have it all generation,’ juggling careers, caregiving, and societal expectations. Yet, they tend to put themselves last,” said Joanna Sickler, Vice-President, Health Policy and External Affairs at Roche Diagnostics. 

“The research shows that millennials are disproportionately failing to prioritise cervical screening because of a mix of emotional, logistical, and societal pressures.”

Cervical cancer affects more than 600,000 women globally every year, yet it is preventable in almost all cases through vaccination, early detection, and treatment of precancers. Cervical screenings remain vital for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV), the cause of over 99 per cent of cervical cancers, but participation has declined in recent years. 

In England, cervical screening rates have fallen to around 69 per cent for women aged 25–64 – well below the NHS England target of 80 per cent – with rates lower for younger women (66 per cent) than older women (74 per cent). According to NHS data, this means over five million women are not up to date with their routine check-up.

The high prevalence of millennials missing screening appointments is particularly concerning, given that they may be the age group that is most at risk. Between 1990 and 2019, cases of early-onset cancer among people under 50 increased by 79 per cent worldwide, and mortality by 28 per cent, making millennials the first generation at greater risk of developing tumours than their parents.

Research also indicates a rise in cases of cervical cancer among millennial women, despite the World Health Organization’s commitment to eliminating it as a public health problem by 2030. A study published in JAMA in 2022 revealed that the incidence of the disease has risen by an average of 2.5 per cent per year among women 30 to 34 years old since 2012. 

Experts believe that the reduction in screening uptake among this age group could be contributing to the rise in cervical cancer rates. 

A separate study, published in JAMA Network Open, found that of over 20,000 US women surveyed between 2005 and 2019, the percentage of those overdue for cervical cancer screening rose from 14 per cent in 2005 to 23 per cent in 2019. 

Women aged 21–29 were significantly more likely to be overdue for screening than those between the ages of 30 and 65.

Fear remains the biggest barrier 

According to Roche’s research, fear remains the biggest barrier to attending cervical screenings, with 30 per cent citing fear as the primary reason for missing or delaying their appointments, driven by anxiety about discomfort, pain, or the potential results. This was particularly common among younger generations. 

In Spain, 43 per cent of respondents cited fear as a reason for delay, the highest across all surveyed markets. Across the wider survey, 36 per cent of those aged between 16 and 34 years old and 37 per cent of those without children were also significantly more likely to delay due to fear.

This appears to be compounded by a lack of awareness and open dialogue about cervical screening. Despite various public health initiatives to encourage uptake, nearly 50 per cent of respondents, including 43 per cent of millennials, admitted they had never spoken to anyone about cervical screening, with 10 per cent saying they would be more likely to attend if encouraged by family, friends, or colleagues. 

“It’s important to create an environment where discussing cervical screening and women’s health topics is not only accepted but encouraged,” Sickler tells Femtech World. 

“This can only happen if these topics become commonplace in homes, workplaces and communities.”

Work, family and societal pressures 

But fear is not the only factor.

The survey also found that professional commitments and workplace demands are the second-largest barrier for all participants. High-income earners, or those in the top third of income ranges across markets, are 22 per cent more likely than average to delay appointments, and 27 per cent of this group cite workplace demands as the reason for postponement. 

Caregiving responsibilities are also often prioritised over personal health, particularly for parents, with 27 per cent of parents surveyed reporting they had delayed or cancelled cervical screening appointments. 

Among millennials who postponed their screenings, 12 per cent identified assistance with travel or childcare as a significant motivator, while 19 per cent said greater workplace flexibility and encouragement from employers would help them prioritise their appointments. 

According to Sickler, although 66 per cent of managers agree on the importance of taking an active role in supporting employees to attend screenings, only 14 per cent offer flexibility, and just eight per cent have discussed the topic at work.

At the same time, evidence shows the burden of cervical cancer falls disproportionately on marginalised and underserved communities, with incidence rates of cervical cancer in the UK 65 per cent higher in the most deprived quintile of the population, and approximately 520 cervical cancer cases each year linked to deprivation.

Meeting women where they are 

Professor Daniel Kelly OBE, Cardiff University, and co-chair of the HPV and Hep B Action Network at the European Cancer Organisation, says healthcare systems “must evolve to meet women where and how they live”. And more broadly, society and communities should “foster open dialogue” to “normalise cervical health as a shared responsibility”.

Sickler agrees that healthcare systems must adapt to better address some of the barriers facing millennial women through practical and cultural solutions – from strengthening awareness and support to streamlining booking systems and expanding access to alternative screening options like self-sampling. 

“The latest findings highlight opportunities to improve screening participation through education, workplace flexibility and access to resources,” she says.

“Whilst millennials are the most likely to miss cervical screening appointments, our research also shows they are also the generation most likely to request alternative screening options (21 per cent) and a more convenient booking process (35 per cent).

“To meet these needs, health systems could expand alternative screening options such as self-collection, which offers privacy and convenience and helps overcome barriers like embarrassment, fear of discomfort, and cultural stigma. 

Sickler adds: “Streamlining booking processes, strengthening patient education, and fostering open conversations to normalise cervical health are crucial steps in overcoming key barriers.”

NHS to roll out home HPV testing

In England, where the NHS has promised to eliminate cervical cancer by 2040, more women are expected to be offered home screening kits as part of the cervical screening programme outlined in the recently published 10 Year Plan.

From January 2026, HPV self-sampling kits will be offered to those who have rarely or never attended their cervical screening appointment to allow them to test at home. The programme is specifically aimed at groups consistently missing vital appointments, including younger women, ethnicities facing cultural hurdles, people with disabilities and the LGBT+ community.

The new policy was informed by research carried out by King’s College London in 2021, which provided HPV self-sampling kits to women and people with a cervix who were at least six months overdue for their cervical screening. The YouScreen trial found that offering self-sampling kits could boost the numbers screened in England by about 400,000 each year.

According to Dr Anita Lim, visiting senior research fellow at King’s and chief investigator of the trial, the findings demonstrated that self-sampling could reach people who find it difficult to attend traditional screening, including those from diverse and underserved populations.

“It’s hugely positive to see this now reflected in national policy, helping more people get protected from this highly preventable cancer,” said Lim. 

While screening carried out by a clinician is still considered the “gold standard” for HPV testing, experts and leading charities such as Cancer Research UK and The Eve Appeal have welcomed the initiative, saying it will help remove barriers and make cervical screening more accessible. And anyone who tests positive for HPV through self-sampling will be encouraged to attend a clinician-taken follow-up screening test.

“The gold standard way to test for HPV is still a sample taken by a clinician, and this will be suitable for most people,” said Michelle Mitchell, Chief Executive of Cancer Research UK, when the plans were announced back in June.

“But beating cervical cancer means beating it for everyone, and this move helps to bring us closer to that goal.”

A ‘societal movement’ to beat cervical cancer 

Improving access to self-screening is one solution, but as Sickler highlights, it’s not the whole solution.

Roche’s new campaign, ‘Cervical cancer: it only ends with all of us’, focuses on several different ways to encourage those eligible to overcome barriers and attend clinician-collected cervical screenings. 

This includes promoting more emotional and practical support from loved ones, better education across communities, and open conversations around the topic.

“The campaign aims to improve attendance rates through a societal movement to encourage and empower eligible populations to attend their cervical screening appointments,” Sickler adds. 

“Only by creating an inclusive environment where women’s health topics are discussed will we be able to increase attendance and prevent cervical cancer from continuing to claim lives.”

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British women among angriest in Europe, health survey reveals

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British women are among the angriest in Europe, a global health survey has revealed.

More than 20 per cent of women in Britain said they had experienced feelings of rage for much of the previous day.

British women were also 47 per cent more likely to say they felt angry than a year earlier.

The findings were published in the Hologic Global Women’s Health Index, a yearly league table based on polling of more than 76,000 women and girls aged over 15 worldwide.

Anna O’Sullivan, co-founder of women’s health awareness group CensHERship and founder of the FutureFemHealth news platform, told the Daily Mail: “These figures reflect years of long waiting lists, delayed diagnoses and women’s health being treated as an afterthought.

“We’ve seen a significant increase in awareness and discussion about women’s health over the last few years, but access to care has not kept up with that.

“These findings should be a wake-up call that it’s time for long-term, sustainable investment to ensure women can access timely healthcare, trusted information and earlier diagnosis before conditions become more complex and costly to treat.”

The data suggested anger levels among British women have risen sharply.

Rates across the rest of Europe, however, remained broadly the same.

The survey, which involved more than 140 countries, found three in 10 UK women said they felt sadness, compared with the EU average of 25 per cent.

The data, collected in February 2024 and released this week, also showed that around four in 10 women in both the UK and EU felt worry.

A third of women in the UK reported being in pain, up 10 per cent on the previous year.

Three in 10 women also said they lived with chronic health problems, up seven per cent on the year before.

Chronic health problems are long-term conditions that may need ongoing care or management.

Health experts said women in the UK were increasingly frustrated by the gap between the NHS care they expected and the care they received.

The report took a snapshot of the national mood, with participants asked about the emotions they had experienced “during a lot of the day yesterday”.

The UK placed sixth among 37 European countries for anger.

The highest levels were recorded in Malta, where 26 per cent of women reported feelings of rage, followed by Greece at 25 per cent, the Czech Republic and Albania at 23 per cent, and Spain at 22 per cent.

Ireland ranked at 18 per cent, while Germany, France and Switzerland each reported 17 per cent.

Britain has also slipped in Hologic’s overall global rankings for women’s health.

The UK is now 48th, close to dropping out of the top third of countries worldwide, after ranking 40th out of 142 countries last year.

Taiwan ranked first, followed by Latvia, Japan, Vietnam and Poland. Singapore, Germany and Austria were also among the leading countries.

Tim Simpson, a senior manager at Hologic, said: “Women are telling us they want earlier diagnosis and faster access to care.

“Improving women’s health will take continued commitment from policymakers, the NHS, clinicians and industry working together to deliver the changes women are asking for.”

A separate Hologic survey carried out last month found that almost 70 per cent of women had faced delays seeking NHS care in the past five years.

Two in five said difficulties accessing healthcare had left them feeling frustrated or anxious.

The survey’s findings reinforced official figures showing that Britain has become more anxious since before the pandemic.

The Office for National Statistics said 22.5 per cent of UK adults reported “high anxiety yesterday” between July and September 2024, up from 20.4 per cent in the same period in 2019.

Among women, the figure was 26.3 per cent, compared with 18.5 per cent among men.

A Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson said: “It is unacceptable that the UK continues to lag behind other countries when it comes to women’s health.”

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Women’s mental health happens between appointments

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By Ritika Sukhani – Psychologist, part of Véa’s Clinical Advisory Board

Women’s mental health often unfolds before, between and around appointments, long before it can be neatly explained in one conversation.

A woman arrives at a GP appointment with six months of feeling “off” behind her. Not acutely unwell. Not necessarily in crisis. Just not herself.

Poor sleep. Brain fog. Lower tolerance. Irritability before her period. Anxiety before meetings. A sense that her cycle, workload, relationships and energy are interacting – but not in a way she can neatly explain when the appointment begins.

She has tracked symptoms, Googled at midnight, screenshotted articles, made notes in her phone and tried to remember what changed, when it changed and what might have triggered it.

But when she finally gets the chance to talk, the task is not only to describe how she feels. It is to organise months of fluctuating experience into a story clear enough to communicate.

This is one of the most overlooked forms of labour in women’s mental health: not simply experiencing distress but having to make it coherent.

In the NHS, women’s mental health rarely arrives through one door. It may appear in primary care as exhaustion, poor sleep or “not feeling like myself”.

It may appear in NHS Talking Therapies as anxiety or low mood. It may sit beneath a menopause conversation, a fertility journey, chronic pain, trauma, caring responsibilities, burnout or the quiet work of holding everyone else together.

The NHS provides essential care.

NHS Talking Therapies received 1.81 million referrals in 2024/25, with 1.21 million referrals accessing services and 50.5 per cent of referrals moving to recovery after completing treatment.

But women’s lives do not unfold in pathway-shaped ways.

Their distress is often cumulative, contextual and relational. It is shaped not only by symptoms but by the conditions around those symptoms: work, debt, trauma, hormones, caregiving, discrimination, physical health, relationships, sleep and the pressure to keep functioning.

That is why women’s mental health needs more than access to services.

It needs continuity.

The work before the appointment

Women are often encouraged to advocate for themselves in healthcare. At its best, this is empowering. It supports agency, preparation and active participation in care.

But self-advocacy can also become another unpaid job.

It requires women to notice what is happening, remember when it started, connect it to context, decide what feels relevant, find the right words and communicate it clearly – often while already tired, anxious, in pain or emotionally overwhelmed.

In clinical care, distress is often the beginning of an assessment. Clinicians are trained to explore duration, severity, functioning, risk, context, history and meaning.

That process matters. It is how distress becomes understood with care.

The issue is broader than any single consultation.

Women’s mental health experiences often unfold over weeks, months and years, while healthcare conversations may happen in short, pressured windows.

Patterns form outside the appointment room: between cycle phases, work demands, caring responsibilities, relational stress, poor sleep and moments of emotional overload.

The UK Government’s Women’s Health Strategy survey found that 84 per cent of respondents said there had been times when they, or the woman they had in mind, were not listened to by healthcare professionals.

It points to something structural: the difficulty of making complex, fluctuating and context-dependent experiences legible inside systems that are often fragmented, time-limited and under pressure.

Endometriosis shows why continuity, language and recognition matter.

Research has found that delays in diagnosis can occur at both patient and medical levels, including when symptoms are normalised by women themselves and by doctors.

For many women, receiving a diagnosis did more than name pain; it provided language, reassurance and possible management strategies.

This is the point we should pay attention to.

Women do not always lack information. Often, they have fragments of it.

The challenge is how to preserve context, recognise recurrence and bring scattered experiences into a form that supports reflection, communication and earlier action.

Tracking captures moments. Continuity reveals patterns

We have made enormous progress in helping women track their bodies.

We can now log cycles, sleep, mood, fertility windows, temperature, symptoms, recovery and heart rate variability with increasing precision. Period-tracking apps, for example, have been described as  tools that can support body awareness and menstrual health literacy, while also introducing new forms of work, distress and privacy concern for some users.

That tension matters.

Tracking can help women notice what is happening. But noticing is not the same as understanding. And understanding is not the same as being able to explain.

A cycle tracker can show when a period started. A wearable can show disrupted sleep. A symptom log can hold isolated data points. A notes app can capture fragments of a difficult week.

But unless those pieces are brought together, the interpretive work still falls to the woman.

She is left asking: Is this hormonal? Is this stress? Is this burnout? Is this anxiety? Is this normal for me? Is this pattern important? Should I mention it? How do I explain it?

This is where the first wave begins to meet its limits.

The first wave helped women capture signals.

The next wave could help women interpret context.

The promise of patient-generated health data has always been that it could bridge the gap between everyday life and formal care. But reviews continue to highlight challenges around integration with electronic health records, trust, provenance, data quality and contextual information.

That matters because women’s health data does not become useful simply because it is collected. It becomes useful when it is contextualised.

A poor night’s sleep means something different after one stressful day than after six weeks of overextension.

A low mood entry means something different when it appears in isolation than when it appears repeatedly around a cycle phase, a work pattern or a relationship dynamic.

A spike in anxiety means something different when it is viewed alongside workload, recovery, conflict, hormonal change or self-critical thinking.

The value is not in turning every experience into a metric.

The value is in seeing what repeats, how it repeats and what else is happening around it.

Women’s mental health is systemic

The latest Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey found that one in five adults in England had a common mental health condition, with prevalence higher in women at 24.2 per cent compared with 15.4 per cent in men.

It also found a clear socioeconomic gradient, with common mental health conditions more prevalent in the most deprived areas and among people with problem debt.

These figures matter because they remind us that women’s mental health cannot be understood only at the level of individual coping.

Of course, individual support matters. Therapy matters. Medication may matter. Assessment, formulation, risk management and diagnosis all have their place.

But a systemic lens asks what else is happening around the woman.

Who is she caring for? What is she carrying at work? What has she had to normalise? What physical symptoms have been separated from her emotional life? What inequalities shape how quickly she is heard, referred or supported? What happens while she is waiting?

Women’s mental health is often partly biological, partly psychological, partly relational, partly occupational and partly social.

It may not fit neatly into one symptom box at first. It may need time, pattern and context before it becomes clear what kind of support is needed.

This is why the missing layer is not more monitoring – it is supported sense-making.

The need for supported sense-making

Supported sense-making means moving beyond isolated logs and dashboards towards tools that help women understand how different parts of their lives interact over time: body, mood, cycle, stress, relationships, work, recovery and self-talk.

It also means being clear about what technology should and should not do.

Technology should not replace clinical assessment. It should not diagnose from a journal entry.

It should not turn ordinary emotion into pathology or place yet another responsibility on women to optimise themselves.

At its best, it can support the wider ecosystem around care.

It can help women hold onto context before an appointment.

It can help them notice patterns while they are waiting. It can support reflection between sessions. It can help them arrive at conversations with more continuity, while respecting the clinical judgement, formulation and relational care that services provide.

This is where platforms like Véa point toward a thoughtful role for women’s health technology.

By treating reflection, emotion and language as part of women’s longitudinal health context, Véa supports the kind of pattern recognition that often gets lost in daily life. Through micro-check-ins, journalling and reflective prompts, it helps women notice shifts in their internal state over time – not to self-diagnose but to build a clearer relationship with their own patterns.

For some women, that may support a better conversation with a clinician.

For others, it may help them recognise early signs of burnout, understand cyclical changes or notice when work, relationships and recovery are interacting in ways they had not previously named.

At its best, this kind of technology reduced the burden of self-interpretation. It helps women hold onto the thread.

From more data to better continuity

The women’s health gap is often discussed as a research gap, a funding gap and a diagnostic gap.

It is all of those things. McKinsey Health Institute and the World Economic Forum estimate that closing the women’s health gap could add at least $1 trillion annually to the global economy by 2040.6

But there is another gap sitting underneath the others.

A continuity gap.

Women’s mental health experiences are often long, fluctuating and context-dependent. Healthcare systems often encounter them in snapshots. Workplaces may only notice them when performance drops. Women themselves may only recognise the pattern once they are already exhausted.

That gap between lived experience and later explanation is where too much meaning gets lost.

The next generation of women’s health technology should help preserve the story behind the symptom.

It should make room for emotional, cognitive, hormonal and social context without collapsing everything into diagnosis or optimisation. It should support better conversations without pretending to replace clinical care.

Women should not have to rely on memory alone to make sense of months of fluctuating emotional, cognitive and physical experience.

The future of women’s mental health will not be built by asking women to monitor themselves more closely.

It will be built by helping them understand themselves sooner – and arrive at conversations about their health with more continuity, context and clarity.

Learn more about Véa at veajournal.app

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Bridging the metabolic wealth gap: The telehealth platform bypassing insurance to democratise care

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As weight-loss treatments remain locked behind prohibitive paywalls, a new direct-pay initiative is cutting costs in half for low-income patients, and it could provide a new blueprint for health equity.

It is one of the most persistent, frustrating paradoxes in modern healthcare: the medical innovations most capable of addressing widespread chronic conditions are overwhelmingly priced out of reach for the populations most vulnerable to them.

Nowhere is this more evident than in the current landscape of metabolic health and weight management.

As state governments and insurance providers increasingly restrict coverage for advanced weight-loss medications due to skyrocketing costs, a stark dividing line has emerged. Clinical need is no longer the primary factor in who receives treatment. Affordability is.

This financial barrier disproportionately impacts women, who not only face high rates of metabolic conditions but also frequently serve as the primary caregivers in their households.

For a single mother managing childcare, grueling work hours, and the relentlessly rising cost of living, personal well-being is often the first casualty of a tight budget.

These patients are forced into a holding pattern, watching their conditions progress year after year while highly effective, life-changing treatments remain separated from them by a paywall.

Now, a telehealth platform called Amble Health is attempting to dismantle that wall by bypassing the traditional insurance apparatus entirely.

A Structural Shift for Access

Today, Amble Health announced the launch of the Amble Cares Program, a national initiative designed to cut the cost of medical weight-loss treatments in half for low-income Americans.

The programme arrives at a critical inflection point.

Today, roughly one in eight U.S. adults have utilized advanced metabolic medications, according to a recent KFF Health Tracking Poll.

This surge in adoption has driven a fundamental shift in preventative care, but the distribution of that care has been deeply uneven.

Through the Amble Cares Program, eligible patients can access comprehensive medical weight-loss programmes, which may include prescription medications if clinically appropriate, at up to 50 per cent below standard rates.

To ensure the discounts reach the intended demographic, eligibility is determined by an independent, third-party verification partner, based on verified financial need.

The programme explicitly prioritises individuals and families with limited disposable income, including parents and guardians whose financial flexibility is tied up in providing for dependents.

Once verified, patients are connected directly to licensed clinicians to begin treatment immediately, stripping away the friction of waiting periods.

“Healthcare should not be a luxury item,” said Joey Stiver, CEO of Amble Health. At Amble, we believe that a patient’s zip code or income shouldn’t dictate their metabolic health outcomes.

“The Amble Cares Program is our direct response to the cost of living crisis, moving beyond talk of ‘affordability’ to actually delivering it to the people the traditional system has left behind.”

The Direct-Pay Trade-Off

However, this rapid, lower-cost access comes with a significant structural trade-off.

To achieve these price reductions and eliminate the administrative delays, denials, and red tape associated with traditional healthcare, Amble Health operates strictly as a direct-pay platform.

This means participants cannot use outside coverage. The programme does not accept Medicaid, Medicare, commercial insurance, or even HSA/FSA funds.

For some patients, being entirely locked out of utilizing their existing health benefits may present a new kind of hurdle.

But for those who have already found themselves abandoned by traditional coverage networks, facing outright denials, unnavigable prior authorisations, or insurmountable deductibles, the direct-pay model offers a predictable, transparent alternative to a broken system.

Ultimately, the Amble Cares Program is making a bold bet: that the most efficient way to deliver equitable healthcare to disenfranchised populations isn’t to fix the traditional insurance system, but to innovate entirely around it.

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