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Childhood abuse may leave gene activity changes linked to depression

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Childhood abuse may alter gene activity in some women, raising depression risk, UK Biobank analysis suggests.

The pattern was not seen in men, suggesting the biological links between trauma and depression may differ by sex, an area of interest given higher depression rates among women.

Using data from thousands of people in the UK Biobank, the team analysed childhood experiences, mental health and genetic profiles, focusing on a gene network involved in synaptic function, the way brain cells communicate, which is disrupted in depression.

Researchers at McGill University and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute examined this network and found that, among women who experienced childhood abuse, one configuration was linked to a higher risk of depression.

Senior author Patricia Silveira is professor in McGill’s Department of Psychiatry and researcher at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute.

She said: “We know childhood abuse increases the risk of depression at the population level, but at the individual level it’s much harder to predict who will actually develop the disorder.

“Our findings point to a biological mechanism that may help explain who is more at risk, at least in women.”

The work is part of efforts to identify genomic signatures linked to depression risk, which is estimated to affect around 11 per cent of Canadian adults over their lifetime.

Our findings suggest that depression risk is shaped by how genes involved in synaptic function respond to early-life experiences.

That makes synaptic function a promising target for future research,” said co-first author Carla Dalmaz, a visiting professor at the Douglas from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

“Depression is diagnosed primarily based on reported symptoms, and there are still no widely accepted biological tools in routine clinical practice to identify risk early,” added co-first author Danusa Mar Arcego, a research associate at the Douglas.

“Our findings bring us a step closer to understanding why some people may be more vulnerable, opening the door to earlier support and prevention strategies.”

Mental health

Dr-Julian helps deliver breakthrough mental health support for Black and ethnically minoritised mothers

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A groundbreaking digital perinatal mental health pilot for Black and ethnically minoritised women has helped women access support faster, complete therapy at higher rates, and recover more successfully than national averages.

The partnership between digital tech company Dr-Julian and The Essential Baby Company Ltd within a new model of mental health care named haPPIE SHE Cares  – who offer personalised support for women sharing their healthcare experiences, showed results well above NHS benchmarks for Black and ethnically minoritised women.

The pilot was created to help women who are less likely to use traditional mental health services during pregnancy and in the first year after giving birth.

By combining trusted community referrals, culturally aware support, and fast access to therapy through Dr-Julian’s online and virtual care platform, the programme delivered standout results.

Every woman who joined the pilot started therapy, 90 per cent completed treatment, and 74 per cent recovered; well above the NHS benchmark of around 52 per cent.

Women referred through community organisations accessed support in just one day on average, compared with around 21 days through many standard services.

Even the programme’s regular referral route reduced waits to 13 days.

The findings come as NHS leaders continue to focus on maternity inequalities and unequal access to mental health care.

Black and ethnically minoritised women can face barriers including stigma, language needs, lack of trust in services, childcare pressures, and difficulty navigating complex systems.

The haPPIE SHE Cares model was designed to break down those barriers by working with trusted community groups, offering culturally informed support, and where possible matching women with therapists who understood their background or language.

Gemma Poole for The Essential Baby Company said: “Too many women who need help feel unseen, unheard or unable to get support when they need it most.

“This project shows that when services are built around trust, culture and community, women engage, recover and thrive.

“This early success could provide a blueprint for reducing inequalities in maternal mental health care across the UK. Behind every statistic is a mother who felt supported, a family that benefited and a woman who found her voice.

“Mental healthcare must work for every community. This partnership shows that when high-quality therapy is combined with culturally responsive support, outcomes improve and women get help faster.

We are proud to have provided the therapists, virtual care systems and digital pathways behind this programme. We believe this model could help NHS organisations nationwide cut waiting times and improve recovery rates.”

Women who took part described the programme as life-changing, saying it reduced isolation, gave them confidence speaking with healthcare professionals, and made them more willing to seek help.

With growing pressure on maternity and mental health services, leaders behind the project say the pilot offers a practical solution that improves care while helping cut long waiting lists.

Plans are now being explored to expand the model through training, regional partnerships, and future funding.

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Mental health

Poor sleep linked to Alzheimer’s risk in older women – study

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Poor sleep may signal higher Alzheimer’s risk in older women with greater genetic risk, a study suggests.

Older women who reported poorer sleep also showed greater memory difficulties and more Alzheimer’s-related brain changes, the study found.

That pattern appeared only in women with higher genetic risk, suggesting sleep complaints may be a stronger warning sign for some women than for others.

Researchers examined 69 women aged 65 years and older taking part in the Women Inflammation Tau Study, an ongoing project focused on ageing and Alzheimer’s disease risk.

Participants completed questionnaires about their sleep quality, underwent memory testing and received brain scans measuring tau. Tau is a protein that accumulates abnormally in Alzheimer’s disease.

The study found that poorer self-reported sleep was associated with worse visual memory performance and greater tau accumulation in brain regions affected early in Alzheimer’s disease, but only among women with higher genetic risk.

Women with lower genetic risk did not show the same relationship between sleep complaints, memory and tau build-up. The finding was specific to visual memory and was not observed for verbal memory.

Researchers said the results add to growing evidence that sleep disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease may reinforce one another over time.

Previous studies have suggested that disrupted sleep can contribute to the build-up of abnormal tau proteins, while Alzheimer’s-related brain changes may also interfere with healthy sleep patterns.

Because women account for nearly two thirds of Alzheimer’s cases and frequently report poorer sleep quality than men, the researchers said sleep may represent an important and potentially modifiable risk factor in older women.

The authors noted that self-reported sleep assessments are inexpensive and easy to administer, raising the possibility that sleep complaints could help identify people who may benefit from closer monitoring or early intervention.

They also suggested that improving sleep could become a target for future Alzheimer’s prevention strategies, particularly for women at elevated genetic risk.

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Mental health

Women over 40 seeking raves for mental health benefits

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Women over 40 are seeking raves for mental and physical wellbeing, with a study suggesting the benefits go beyond nightlife.

The findings challenge the idea that nightlife and electronic dance music events are mainly for younger people.

Published in Psychology of Music, the study focused on the common misconception that nightlife is only for younger audiences.

Researchers surveyed 136 female clubbers aged 40 to 65 about their experiences at electronic dance music events.

The study, carried out at the University of Leeds in England, found women reported mental and physical wellbeing benefits from attending these events.

Seeing favourite DJs was the most common motivation, but many women also described dancing as a way to relieve stress and find emotional support.

The research found that 65.9 per cent of participants described attending a rave as “spiritual”, while 62.9 per cent said it offered an escape from everyday life.

A further 58.3 per cent said they felt like a different version of themselves in a club environment.

Nine in ten participants said they felt at home at electronic dance music events, with many pointing to a shared passion for music and the sense of community around it.

The study also suggested physical fitness played a role, with some women saying they had made clubbing part of their regular exercise routine.

However, the findings also highlighted challenges for older women in nightlife spaces.

One fifth of participants said they felt visibly out of place because of their age.

Nearly half reported unwanted physical contact, leading some to seek out different venues or attend only with friends.

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