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Hormonal health

New endometriosis test gives result in 10 minutes

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A new device could detect a key endometriosis biomarker in menstrual blood within 10 minutes, researchers have found.

The test identifies HMGB1 – a protein linked to the development and progression of endometriosis – and showed 500 per cent greater sensitivity than current lab-based methods.

It works similarly to a pregnancy test.

Dr Dipanjan Pan is professor of nuclear engineering and materials science and engineering at Penn State University.

The researcher said: “Despite the significant potential of menstrual effluent as a diagnostic tool for women’s health, it faces substantial challenges due to social stigma and lack of affordable testing options.”

Researchers at Penn State have created a proof-of-concept device based on borophene – a two-dimensional, atom-thin material made from boron – which forms nanosheets to anchor antibodies that detect HMGB1 in menstrual blood.

Current diagnostic methods rely on a mix of blood tests, lab analyses, imaging and patient history, often leading to delays. One study reported diagnostic lags of up to seven years.

The researchers explored menstrual effluent – biological material shed during menstruation – as a potential diagnostic source.

Although often discarded, it may contain valuable biomarkers such as HMGB1.

Unlike traditional methods using alcohol-based solvents, the team used water to break down powdered boron into nanosheets. These were then coated with HMGB1-targeting antibodies.

Pan said: “Think of planting a garden.

“The ground – the nanosheets – must be even and clear of weeds before you can fertilise the soil – adding the antibodies.

“Then, you have the best environment to support the desired vegetables – the HMGB1 proteins.

“That was our goal here, to create a uniform foundation on which the antibodies could recognise and capture the HMGB1 proteins.”

To confirm binding, the team used imaging and chemical analysis before integrating the nanosheets into a test device.

It displays one line for a negative result, and two if HMGB1 is detected. When menstrual blood flows over the strip, any HMGB1 present binds to the antibodies, darkening the second line.

The team tested the device’s sensitivity by adding various HMGB1 concentrations to menstrual blood samples.

It successfully identified low levels of the protein with five times greater sensitivity than conventional methods.

Pan said: “Clinical evidence shows HMGB1 levels in menstrual blood are significantly higher in individuals with endometriosis than in healthy controls.

“However, early-stage or asymptomatic cases may show only modest increases.

“That’s why high sensitivity to low concentrations is essential – early detection enables timely intervention.

Unlike conventional lab tests, our device offers both sensitivity and practicality, making it well-suited for use in settings without centralised medical facilities or laboratory infrastructure.”

Pan said the test could eventually be integrated into menstrual pads for at-home monitoring.

The team plans to scale up the device for clinical studies, improve sensitivity, and expand its use to detect other biomarkers, including those linked to human papillomavirus and cervical cancer.

Hormonal health

Man City launch female athlete health education platform

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Manchester City has launched a female athlete health platform covering menstrual, pelvic and breast health, as well as nutrition.

The Her City website is designed for the club’s women’s first-team players, coaches, support staff, academy players and parents.

Manchester City says the platform is the first of its kind in the Women’s Super League and was developed over two years.

The project was led by director of performance services Emma Deakin, physical performance scientist Rosie Anderson and PhD student and first-team nutritionist Sarah Malone.

It grew out of PhD research into menstrual, pelvic and breast health and nutrition, with the team seeking to turn that work into an online educational resource.

The website divides the four areas into separate sections and provides peer-reviewed information that the club says has been critically analysed by experts.

Content will continue to be reviewed and updated as further evidence emerges.

Resources include posters, visual explainers, audio materials and downloadable educational content, with information tailored to different groups including players and parents.

The platform aims to improve knowledge, develop critical analysis skills and strengthen communication within football and at home.

It also includes material to help users assess misinformation they encounter on social media or elsewhere.

A confidential contact form allows users to raise concerns or ask questions directly of experts at Manchester City.

Parents of academy players can also access the platform, with resources intended to help them support their children during a key phase of their development.

Manchester City said its longer-term aim is to make the platform available to all women working across City Football Group.

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Hormonal health

NIH awards multi-university team over US$4 million to improve women’s health

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Michigan State University researchers are launching a novel project to transform how medications are developed and prescribed for women.

A US$4.6m award will fund computer models designed to predict how hormonal changes affect the way medicines move through and act in women’s bodies.

The funding is the first instalment of an award worth up to US$12.8m over three years, supporting work intended to account for hormonal changes throughout women’s lives.

Researchers plan to examine factors including menstrual cycles, pregnancy, contraceptive use, menopause and hormone replacement therapy, which can affect responses to medicines.

Teresa K. Woodruff, lead investigator on the project, said: “Because female hormone levels are constantly shifting, precision medicine allows us to map out these complex interactions.

“This NIH-backed initiative will create the first computationally driven clinical tool designed to guide medical care across every stage of a woman’s life.”

The project is led by researchers at Michigan State University and funded by the National Institutes of Health, with collaborators from Rutgers, Emory, Tulane, the University of Colorado Anschutz, the University of Michigan and the University of Utah.

Thirteen researchers will develop computational models to predict how changes in female hormones influence the way medicines move through and act within the body.

The work is part of the NIH Computational Modeling of Hormone Homeostasis Initiative, which is awarding US$21m nationally to support research into sex-specific hormonal biology.

The team plans to use artificial intelligence to digitise and organise more than 40 years of hormone research data in a publicly accessible database.

Researchers will also develop a standard computer model of a 28-day menstrual cycle, alongside models of how hormones regulate organs and tissues involved in processing nutrients, including the liver, muscle and fat.

Real-world patient data will then be used to expand the models to represent groups including women going through menopause or taking birth control, as well as women with conditions such as diabetes and obesity.

The project will also use three-dimensional human tissue models and lab-grown organoids, including liver, muscle and ovarian tissue, to test and refine the computer predictions.

Researchers plan to examine medicines including metformin, insulin and GLP-1 drugs, with the aim of developing tools that could help clinicians tailor doses and avoid harmful side effects.

Qiang Zhang, associate professor at Emory University, said: “Empowered by AI, novel assays and legacy human data, we will develop mechanistically based computational models of female physiology that can make translational, quantitative predictions for women’s responses to metabolic therapies.”

The researchers said the work could help address differences in how women respond to treatments for metabolic conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cholesterol imbalances and thyroid disorders.

Nanette Santoro, professor at the University of Colorado Anschutz and president of the Endocrine Society, said: “Women experience large shifts in reproductive hormones at several points in their lifespan: puberty, pregnancy and menopause.

“During reproductive years, women also undergo profound day-to-day changes in reproductive hormone levels, giving them a markedly different endocrine backdrop than men.

“Using state-of-the-art computational technology to examine how these changes interact with commonly used medications is a critical pathway toward supporting life-course women’s health.”

The project team said its computer models and data will be made freely available to researchers and healthcare professionals when the work is completed.

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Menopause

High street bakery chain Gail’s reveals menopause plan

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Gail’s has unveiled a menopause action plan offering new workplace support to thousands of staff ahead of legal reforms due in 2027.

The high street bakery chain will offer new benefits including 24/7 digital GP access and a new employee assistance programme, according to The Times.

It will also explore new online training for staff, including specific training for management.

Gail’s people director Miranda Burgum told The Times: “All we’re trying to do is talk freely and for it not to be a forbidden subject. It’s helping our managers and teams understand that this isn’t a taboo.”

“We’re going to develop the education with our managers, so it will be threaded through all our policies

“It will look at induction training, it will look at the types of people we need to make sure that we make reasonable adjustments for.

“And if somebody needs some sort of risk assessment, we’re going to be looking at [that].”

The move comes ahead of reforms due to be introduced in spring 2027 under the Employment Rights Act.

UK employers with 250 or more employees will be legally required to publish and update official menopause action plans.

The plans are intended to support employers to take effective action to improve workplace gender equality and support employees experiencing menopause.

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