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NHS makes fresh uptake appeal as five million women not up to date with cervical screening

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Women are being urged to come forward for cervical screening as new figures show more than five million are not up to date with their routine check-ups.

The NHS invites women for screening every three to five years depending on their age, or more frequently if the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is detected, with the programme saving thousands of lives annually.

The NHS Cervical Screening Programme, England 2023-2024 annual report found that 68.8 per cent of 25 to 64-year-olds were screened within the recommended period of time, compared to 68.7 per cent the previous year.

Coverage was higher for 50 to 64-year-olds at 74.3 per cent compared with 25 to 49-year-olds at 66.1 per cent.

In 2023-24, everyone who was due a test – a total of 5.12 million individuals aged 25 to 64 in England – was invited to book an appointment, and 3.25 million were tested during the year.

Last year, the NHS pledged to eliminate cervical cancer by 2040 by making it as easy as possible for people to get the lifesaving HPV vaccination and encouraging more women and people with a cervix to come forward for their cervical screening.

Earlier this month, the NHS set out reforms to fully digitise screening – by announcing the rollout of a new “ping and book” service that will send alerts to phones to remind women they are due or overdue an appointment.

The plans will begin with invitations for breast screening being sent directly through the NHS App, and be expanded to include cervical screening in Spring 2025.

NHS cervical screening helps prevent cervical cancer by using a highly effective test to check for HPV, which is found in over 99 per cent of all cervical cancers and which may cause abnormal cells to develop in the cervix. These abnormal cells can, over time, turn into cancer if left untreated.

Women who are due a cervical screening appointment will receive invitation letters by post when it’s time to book. Appointments can be booked through GP practices and some sexual health clinics also offer the service. A

nyone who has previously received an invitation and been unable to attend shouldn’t wait for another invitation – you can still book a cervical screening appointment even if invited weeks, months or years ago.

Sue Mann, NHS England’s National Clinical Director for Women’s Health, said: “We have set ourselves an ambitious target of eliminating cervical cancer by 2040 – a commitment shared by only a few countries worldwide.

“In order to achieve this, we are working hard to ensure that everyone who’s eligible has access to HPV vaccination and cervical screening appointments, and that they are suitably informed on how to book and what to expect at an appointment.

“If we are to make real inroads into eradicating cervical cancer, it’s essential that everyone who is invited for screening comes forward when invited.

“If you have previously missed your appointment, do not hesitate to reach out to your GP practice or sexual health clinic to schedule a new one. Taking this proactive step could potentially save your life.”

Sophia Lowes, Senior Health Information Manager at Cancer Research UK, said: “Cervical screening saves thousands of lives every year in the UK.

“It’s for people without symptoms and helps to prevent cervical cancer from developing in the first place.

“Cancer Research UK encourages everyone who receives an invitation to take part.

“Some people may have found cervical screening uncomfortable in the past or have experienced other barriers to taking part.

“But there are things you can ask for to help you feel more comfortable, such as asking for a nurse of a specific gender or asking for a smaller speculum – the tool that nurses use to look at your cervix.

“You can also ask for a longer appointment so you can talk through any concerns with the nurse on what adjustments you might need.

“On top of this, the NHS in England is taking steps to make it easier to take part in cervical screening, such as letting you book your appointment through the NHS App.

“In the future, innovations like HPV self-sample kits, which allow people to collect a sample for testing themselves, could help more people take part.

“We’re looking forward to seeing the impact these new initiatives could have.”

England is among the first countries in the world to set the elimination ambition for cervical cancer within the next two decades.

The World Health Organization considers cervical cancer to be eliminated as a public health problem when there is an incidence rate lower than four per 100,000 women.

Adolescent health

Newly-launched Female Health Hub will support grassroots football players

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A new Female Health Hub launched by the English FA will support women and girls in grassroots football in England with trusted advice on health issues affecting play.

The hub brings together expert-backed guidance, practical tools and player insights in one place, giving women and girls practical advice and reassurance on female health in football.

It has four core aims: to help women and girls better understand their bodies and how female health affects performance and participation, to educate players on key health topics and when to seek further advice or support, to provide practical strategies to help navigate common female health challenges, and to help break down taboos and normalise conversations around female health in football.

Users of the hub will also be able to hear directly from members of the England women’s national team, who share their own experiences of navigating female health matters while playing at the highest level of the game.

“Our ambition is to create a game where women and girls can thrive,” said Sue Day, the FA’s director of women’s football.

“To achieve that, it’s essential that players feel supported in environments that understand and respond to their female health needs.

“We’ve heard directly from grassroots players that they want better information and support around female health, but that they often don’t know where to find it.

“The launch of the Female Health Hub marks an important step in changing the landscape.

“We want every player to feel confident in her own skin and supported without judgment, so she can feel empowered by her body, rather than held back by it.”

The platform was launched following research conducted by the FA that highlighted the need for better education and support around female health in football.

According to the FA, 88 per cent of adult players surveyed said their menstrual cycle has an impact on their ability to train or play, but 86 per cent reported they had never received education about the menstrual cycle in relation to football performance and training.

The research also found 64 per cent of women experience issues related to sports bras or breast health while playing football, despite sports bras being considered one of the most important pieces of playing kit.

Players also expressed strong interest in learning more about injury prevention, at 87 per cent, nutrition, at 84 per cent, and mental health, at 77 per cent, in relation to female health.

The first phase of the Female Health Hub focuses on three of the most requested topics: menstrual health, breast health and injury resilience, with further content to follow, including nutrition and pelvic health guidance.

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Pregnancy

Women’s health strategy a ‘missed opportunity,’ RCM says

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The Royal College of Midwives (RCM) has referred to the women’s health strategy as a ‘missed opportunity’ to address maternity services. 

The renewed strategy was released by the government this week, with the aim of putting women’s experiences at the centre of care and ensuring they are “better heard and served”.

However, the government stated that because of ongoing investigations into maternity services across the country, the strategy “does not seek to address safety in maternity and neonatal services”.

The RCM described this as a “missed opportunity” and urged the government to ensure that, following the inquiries, maternity is placed “at the very heart” of the strategy.

Gill Walton, RCM chief executive, said the college was “deeply disappointed” that maternity services “do not feature as a headline priority” in the renewed strategy.

She said: “This is a significant missed opportunity and one that is very difficult to understand.

“Pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period are not a footnote in women’s health – they are one of the most significant and consequential phases of a woman’s life.

“A strategy that treats maternity as an afterthought is not truly a women’s health strategy at all. It is exactly the kind of thinking that has allowed maternity services to reach the point they are at today.”

Walton acknowledged that the strategy contained commitments on ensuring women’s voices shape their care, on supporting families through pregnancy loss and on the principle that services should be held accountable when they fail to listen to women.

She added: “But a strategy that addresses one part of women’s health while leaving maternity care behind is only doing half the job.”

Walton urged the government to ensure that this is addressed when the ongoing investigations into maternity care conclude, with any recommendations placed “at the very heart of this strategy with the seriousness and urgency that women, families and midwives deserve”.

In the foreword to the renewed plans, health and social care secretary Wes Streeting referred to the ongoing independent National Maternity and Neonatal Investigation as action being taken by the government to improve safety in maternity services.

The strategy also refers to the new National Maternity and Neonatal Taskforce, chaired by Streeting, which aims to help deliver “safer, more equitable care” for women, babies and families.

The foreword said that, because of ongoing initiatives, it was “important that this work continues without restriction and that the government can properly respond to the findings”.

It added: “This renewed women’s health strategy therefore does not seek to address safety in maternity and neonatal services other than that related to women’s health before and during pregnancy and the actions we are taking immediately to improve maternity and neonatal care.”

The strategy does, however, include plans to prioritise health education in schools, communities and healthcare settings to “empower women” with the “knowledge and tools they need to help control their fertility” and “prepare for the best pregnancy outcomes.

It also promises to provide women with access to “safe and high-quality contraception, abortion care, fertility services, preconception care and support after pregnancy loss in convenient settings.

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Fertility

Genetic carrier screening before pregnancy: What to know

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Article produced in association with London Pregnancy Clinic and Jeen Health

For the majority of couples planning a pregnancy, genetic testing is not something they think about until a problem arises.

Pre-conception genetic carrier screening challenges this approach by identifying risk before pregnancy begins.

As panel sizes have grown and at-home testing options have become widely available, carrier screening is transitioning from a niche clinical referral into a mainstream component of reproductive planning.

What Carrier Screening Tests For

Being a carrier of a genetic condition means carrying one copy of a variant in a gene associated with that condition, without being affected by it.

In most cases, carriers are entirely unaware of their status.

The clinical significance of carrier status emerges when both members of a couple carry a variant in the same gene: in this scenario, each pregnancy carries a one in four chance of resulting in a child who inherits two copies of the variant and is affected by the condition.

The conditions most frequently included in expanded carrier screening panels include cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), fragile X syndrome, sickle cell disease, and a range of metabolic and enzyme deficiency disorders.

The Beacon 787 carrier test, offered by Jeen Health, screens for 787 conditions from a single sample, making it one of the most comprehensive panels currently available to UK families.

Who Is Most Likely to Benefit

Any couple planning a pregnancy can consider carrier screening. It is particularly relevant for:

  • Couples with a family history of a known inherited condition
  • Those from populations with higher carrier frequencies for specific conditions, including Ashkenazi Jewish, South Asian and African communities
  • Couples pursuing fertility treatment, where genetic information informs treatment planning
  • Those who wish to have the most complete picture of their reproductive health before conception

Importantly, being a carrier of a condition does not mean a child will be affected. It means there is a defined statistical risk that can be quantified, discussed and planned for with appropriate clinical support.

How the Test Is Performed

Carrier screening is typically carried out on a blood or saliva sample.

For at-home options such as the testing offered by Jeen Health, a cheek swab collection kit is dispatched to the patient, the sample is returned by post, and results are delivered digitally within a defined turnaround period.

In-clinic carrier testing may use a blood draw and provides the advantage of immediate access to a clinical consultation at the point of result delivery.

London Pregnancy Clinic offers genetics counselling through its partnership with Jeen Health, allowing couples to receive and contextualise carrier test results with expert support.

Genetic counselling before and after testing is recommended by Genomics England as a standard component of any genomic testing pathway.

What Happens If Both Partners Are Carriers

If both partners are identified as carriers for the same autosomal recessive condition, they are typically offered further counselling to discuss their options.

These may include proceeding naturally with an awareness of the risk, using prenatal diagnosis (CVS or amniocentesis) during pregnancy to test the fetus, or pursuing preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in the context of IVF, which allows unaffected embryos to be selected before transfer.

The purpose of identifying carrier status before pregnancy is to give couples time to consider these options without the added pressure of an ongoing pregnancy.

Knowledge of carrier status does not remove reproductive choices; it expands the information available when making them.

The Role of Pre-Conception Services

Carrier screening sits within a broader category of pre-conception care that includes fertility assessments, general health optimisation and, where relevant, management of existing conditions before pregnancy begins.

London Pregnancy Clinic offers pre-conception services encompassing fertility investigations, genetics counselling and carrier testing as part of an integrated 0th trimester approach, allowing couples to address genetic and clinical risk factors before their pregnancy starts rather than after.

Disclaimer: This article is produced for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Clinical guidance referenced reflects published NHS, NICE and RCOG standards as at March 2026. Individual circumstances vary; readers are advised to consult a qualified healthcare professional before acting on any information in this article.

This piece was produced in association with London Pregnancy Clinic and Jeen Health, which provided background clinical information for editorial purposes.

Hyperlinks to external sources are included for reference only and do not represent an endorsement of any product, service or organisation.

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