Dr Olivia Ahn, founder of FLUUS

The FemTech industry is rapidly innovating, but the conversation often neglects a fundamental issue: material safety.

While we focus on digital tracking and advanced fabrics, the tiny, ubiquitous fragments of plastic in our personal care products, microplastics, pose a significant, yet often silent, threat to women’s intimate and systemic health.

As a former doctor who moved into material science, my research focuses on the intersection of these two fields, particularly exploring the pathways through which microplastics from period and intimate care products enter the bloodstream.

The current evidence demands a radical shift in how founders and manufacturers approach product design.

The Ubiquity of the Problem

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, are no longer confined to remote oceans or deep-sea trenches.

Recent studies have demonstrated their presence in every part of the human body, including the bloodstream, lungs, placenta, and reproductive tissues.

For the FemTech and consumer health sectors, this raises profound questions. While we often focus on microplastics shed from synthetic clothing or food packaging, we must address direct exposure pathways.

Many single-use period pads and liners contain synthetic polymers, adhesives, and backsheets, which are all sources of microplastic shedding through friction and degradation.

Even when the outer layer is organic cotton, the hidden core materials can present a systemic risk.

The Intimate Absorption Pathway: A “Fast Track” to the Bloodstream

The primary concern with microplastics in intimate care lies in the unique vulnerability of the vaginal and vulval mucosa.

Unlike the skin on our arm, which is designed to be a tough, protective barrier (keratinized epithelium), the vaginal mucosa is highly specialised and much more permeable. It is a richly vascularised tissue meaning it contains a high concentration of tiny blood vessels just beneath the surface.

This structure allows for:

1. Rapid Systemic Uptake

The tissue acts almost like a sponge, allowing substances to be absorbed quickly and directly into the circulatory system. In medicine, this pathway is leveraged for rapid drug delivery, confirming its efficiency.

2. Bypassing First-Pass Metabolism

When substances are absorbed through the gut, they pass through the liver, which acts as a primary filter to detoxify or metabolize compounds.

When chemicals or microplastics enter via the vaginal mucosa, they can bypass this critical “first-pass” mechanism, potentially leading to higher systemic exposure levels of the contaminants.

When microplastics are present in a period pad, making prolonged, intimate contact with the mucosa, there is a clear and high-risk pathway for these particles to cross the tissue barrier and enter the bloodstream.

The Broader Implications for Women’s Health

The health impact of microplastics is complex and still emerging, but existing evidence raises serious red flags, particularly for gynaecological and reproductive health:

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress:

Microplastics are known to induce inflammation and oxidative stress in cell cultures and animal models.

Chronic, low-grade inflammation is a foundational mechanism for numerous diseases, including endometriosis, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and cardiovascular issues.

Microplastics has not been linked to be causative to these conditions, but reducing any source of inflammatory burden is critical for overall health.

Hormonal Disruption:

                             Dr Olivia Ahn

Microplastics can act as carriers, or “Trojan horses,” for endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates and BPA, which are added during plastic manufacturing.

When the microplastic enters the body, it releases this cocktail of EDCs, which mimic or interfere with natural hormones.

This disruption is directly linked to fertility challenges, impaired ovarian function, and altered reproductive development.

Reproductive Tissue Accumulation:

Recent studies are particularly alarming, detecting microplastics in human ovary follicular fluid, semen, and the placenta.

These findings suggest that microplastics are accumulating in the very tissues responsible for reproduction and fetal development, demanding immediate action to minimise exposure.

Setting a New Standard for Integrity

The challenge for founders and manufacturers is no longer merely to sell a product, but to assume full responsibility for its material science and its entire lifecycle.

We must move past the industry’s status quo where products are chemically complex and built to last centuries.

We must advocate for radical transparency in ingredient disclosure and invest in genuine, circular technology that eliminates these pollutants at the source.

The next generation of femtech must prioritise both the user’s health and the planet’s health equally

The Fluus Standard: Zero Microplastics, Zero Waster and Zero Compromise

This drive for scientific integrity is the foundation of Fluus.

We developed our proprietary Flushtec technology to prove that a 100 per cent microplastic-free, fully flushable period pad is not just an ideal, but a reality.

By eliminating plastic SAPs and traditional hot-melt acrylic adhesives, we deliver genuine confidence, ensuring the product fully disintegrates after use, leaving zero waste and zero microplastic residue behind.