Pregnancy
Pregnant women may reduce key health risk through more light exercise, study finds

Light exercise and less sitting may reduce pregnant women’s risk of serious blood pressure complications, according to a new study.
Researchers have proposed a daily activity and sleep guide that they say was linked to a nearly 30 per cent lower risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
The suggested pattern includes fewer than eight hours of sedentary time, at least seven hours of light physical activity, around 22 minutes of more intense activity and nearly nine hours of sleep.
The University of Iowa-led study examined the daily behaviours of 470 pregnant women across all stages of pregnancy.
Participants wore monitors that measured physical activity over 24-hour periods and recorded how long they spent asleep.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy include chronic high blood pressure, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia.
Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure that develops during pregnancy, while pre-eclampsia is a potentially serious condition involving high blood pressure and signs that organs may be affected.
Sedentary behaviour means being mostly inactive, such as sitting or lying down.
Light physical activity can include casual walking, moving around the home or standing.
Moderate to vigorous activity includes movement such as brisk walking, where breathing and heart rate increase.
Kara Whitaker, associate professor in the department of health, sport, and human physiology at Iowa and corresponding author of the study, said: “We are identifying the optimal composition of movement behaviours across the day associated with the lowest risk of developing HDP and the most improved health outcomes.
“This blueprint holds for each and every trimester of pregnancy.”
Study participants were enrolled at sites in Iowa City, Pittsburgh and Morgantown, West Virginia.
The women wore activity and sleep monitors for at least one week during each trimester of pregnancy.
Four in five participants were non-Hispanic white and nearly a quarter lived in rural areas.
The data showed a steep rise in risk among pregnant women who were sedentary for more than 10 hours a day.
Women who increased light physical activity to at least four hours a day reduced their risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to 15 per cent from 30 per cent.
Whitaker said: “Just moving around more seems to have significant health benefits.
“And I think it also may be a more feasible target for women who are pregnant who are not exercising regularly.”
The researchers said they were surprised that longer durations of moderate to vigorous physical activity did not appear to provide additional benefit.
Sleep beyond a certain duration also did not appear to bring major further benefits.
Whitaker said: “Through this study, we are providing evidence that reducing sedentary behaviour and engaging in light physical activity are important, and maybe more important, when it comes to pregnancy and health.”
The findings may be relevant beyond pregnancy because clinical research has shown that women who develop hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are more than twice as likely to develop heart disease later in life.
Cardiovascular disease includes conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as heart disease and stroke.
Whitaker said: “We know that cardiovascular disease is the number one killer of women, and if we can intervene in pregnancy and prevent women from developing a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, we are putting them on a better trajectory, away from cardiovascular disease and toward more optimal cardiovascular health.”
The study was published online on June 10.
A second study, published online on May 27, looked more closely at the ratio and type of sedentary behaviour and light physical activity linked to a lower risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Whitaker is a lead co-author on that study.
Co-authors in the June 10 study include Alex Crisp, Jaemyung Kim, Karina Smith, Donna Santillan, Mark Santillan and Bridget Zimmerman, from Iowa; Jacob Gallagher, from Iowa State University; Melissa Jones, from Oakland University in Michigan; Bethany Barone Gibbs, Katrina Wilhite, Alexis Thrower and Iqra Sheikh, from West Virginia University; and Sabera Rahman, Janet Catov, Christopher Kline and Maisa Feghali, from the University of Pittsburgh.
The National Institutes of Health, the University of Iowa Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, the University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute and the West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute funded the research.
Pregnancy
Ultrasound Direct extends Trice Imaging partnership

Ultrasound Direct has extended its Trice Imaging partnership for three years, adding a reporting tool across its 70-clinic UK network.
The private ultrasound provider will continue using the Tricefy platform for secure image storage and patient engagement, alongside TriceIQ for efficiency and productivity analytics.
It will also introduce Trice Workspace Reporting across its network. The companies say the tool will help standardise ultrasound reporting templates and workflows and reduce variation between clinics.
Ultrasound Direct carries out an estimated 120,000 patient scans each year across services including pregnancy, fertility, women’s health, men’s health and other diagnostic pathways.
Its network uses a large pool of sonographers working across different ultrasound systems and serves referral routes including self-referring patients, GPs and commercial partners.
Mike Steward, founding director at Ultrasound Direct, said: “Having worked with Trice Imaging since 2018, we first partnered to replace manual methods of providing scan images to expectant parents with Trice’s secure electronic image-sharing platform. Today, every study performed across the Ultrasound Direct Network is recorded and stored on Tricefy, while our clinical services have expanded considerably beyond pregnancy into fertility, women’s health, men’s health and other diagnostic pathways.”
He added: “To continue futureproofing our image management strategy across a network of 70 clinics, a large team of sonographers, varying ultrasound systems and a growing number of referral partners with different needs, we decided to extend with Trice Imaging. This includes the introduction of the new Trice Workspace Reporting module to help us scale and standardise our ultrasound reporting templates and workflow, reducing variability between clinics.”
The partnership began in 2018, initially focusing on replacing manual methods of sharing pregnancy scan images with expectant parents.
Johanna Wollert Melin, founder and chief executive of Trice Imaging Europe, said: “Ultrasound Direct has been a valued partner in the UK for 8 years.”
She added: “At the heart of the relationship is a willingness to explore new ideas, test new tools and the spirit to solve real challenges across a large and complex clinical network.”
Mark A. Samii, chief revenue officer at Trice Imaging, said: “We are delighted to retain and extend our relationship with Ultrasound Direct.”
He added: “The addition of Trice Workspace Reporting addresses a challenge we hear from multi-site providers globally – keeping reporting quality consistent across many users, systems, referral or payer relationships.”
Steward said Ultrasound Direct continues to see growing demand for private diagnostics alongside NHS care from self-referring patients and an increasingly diverse range of professional and commercial referral partners.
He added: “As that development continues, scalable digital infrastructure becomes increasingly important. Our focus is on ensuring that a growing national network can support consistent clinical workflows, different referral pathways and the technology requirements of the future, while continuing to provide patients with accessible diagnostic services.”
Fertility
Paracetamol use may impact future fertility, studies suggest

Paracetamol use in pregnancy was not linked to autism or ADHD, while separate research found reproductive differences in girls exposed before birth.
One study analysed health records from more than 120,000 children and found no increased risk of autism following prenatal paracetamol exposure.
A separate analysis of nearly 100,000 children also found no increased risk of ADHD among those born to mothers who used the painkiller during pregnancy.
Researchers from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority examined electronic health records covering pregnancies between January 2001 and December 2023.
The autism analysis included 124,333 children, who were nine years old on average and split almost evenly between males and females. There were 3,445 autism diagnoses, representing 2.8 per cent of the group.
The ADHD analysis involved 97,285 children, who were seven years old on average and also split evenly between males and females. There were 5,168 ADHD diagnoses, representing 5.3 per cent.
Women prescribed paracetamol during pregnancy were more likely to be older and have pre-existing conditions including psychiatric disorders, as well as reasons for taking the drug such as infection, fever or chronic pain.
No association was found between prenatal paracetamol exposure and either autism or ADHD.
The findings did not differ according to the trimester in which paracetamol was taken or whether use was intermittent or daily. Advanced maternal age, defined as pregnancy in women over 35, did not alter the findings.
The researchers wrote: “Paracetamol remains a safe and essential analgesic [pain reliever] and antipyretic [fever reducer] during pregnancy, whereas alternatives, such as NSAIDs and opioids carry well-documented risks.
“Unwarranted reluctance to use paracetamol could lead to undertreatment of pain and fever, or the use of more harmful alternatives, both posing risks to the pregnancy and developing fetus.”
The authors said women should assess paracetamol use with guidance from their doctor.
A separate study involving 685 pregnant women without pre-existing conditions and 302 infant daughters found associations between prenatal paracetamol exposure and differences in reproductive organs and hormone levels.
Researchers from Copenhagen University Hospital enrolled the women during their first trimester and assessed them during the first trimester, third trimester and again when their babies were three months old.
At around three months, infants experience a temporary rise in reproductive hormones sometimes called mini-puberty.
Pregnant participants completed questionnaires every two weeks about their use of pain medicines including paracetamol. Infant girls underwent ultrasound scans of their reproductive organs and blood tests to measure hormone levels.
Researchers also examined a separate group of 1,210 girls followed from infancy to adolescence whose mothers reported paracetamol use during the third trimester.
Three-month-old girls exposed to paracetamol before birth had an average 40 per cent smaller ovarian volume, 13 per cent smaller uterine volume and 23 per cent fewer ovarian follicles.
Girls exposed during the first trimester also had lower levels of Anti-Müllerian hormone, a marker of ovarian function.
Among the older girls, those exposed before birth were more likely to have smaller uteruses at puberty and smaller ovaries during their teenage years.
Dr Margit Bistrup Fischer, lead study author and postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Growth and Reproduction at Rigshospitalet hospital in Denmark, said: “Animal studies have demonstrated that impaired formation of ovarian follicles can lead to reduced fertility and earlier reproductive aging.
“Whether the differences observed in our study have implications for fertility and age at menopause in humans remains unknown and will require long-term follow-up of the girls in our cohort.”
She cautioned that women who had used paracetamol during pregnancy “should not be alarmed by our findings”, as the study found associations rather than direct causation and outcomes for individual women and children are unclear.
“Importantly, our study does not evaluate whether [acetaminophen] causes reproductive problems, nor does it provide evidence that prenatal exposure affects future fertility or age at menopause,” she said.
“Although we observed similar associations in an independent cohort, long-term follow-up is needed to determine whether these early-life differences have any clinical significance later in life.”
Pregnancy
Pregnant women prioritised as NHS rolls out flu vaccine

Pregnant women are among the first groups offered the NHS flu vaccine this winter, which has been updated to better match the subclade K strain.
Schoolchildren are also being prioritised and, like pregnant women, can receive the vaccine from September because they can catch and spread flu easily.
Protecting them also helps others, including younger siblings and grandparents.
Other eligible groups, including people aged 65 and over, will be able to receive a free NHS flu vaccine from October and should receive an invitation by phone or post.
Dr Amanda Doyle from NHS England said: “Last year’s flu season came early and was made worse by a new variant, which had a major impact for patients and put enormous pressure on urgent and emergency care services across the country.
“With the NHS experiencing its busiest summer on record, staff have started preparing for this winter earlier than ever – and with services already under significant pressure, it is vital that everyone offered the vaccine comes forward.”
Last winter’s flu season began more than a month earlier than usual as a new mutated strain circulated.
The strain was sometimes referred to as “Super flu”, although this is not a medical term and does not mean the virus is harder to treat. The name reflected that people had yet to build up immunity against it.
Flu vaccines are updated each year to better match the influenza viruses expected to circulate. These viruses continually mutate, so experts must predict how they are likely to change.
This winter’s vaccine includes changes intended to provide a better match for subclade K.
It remains unclear when flu will begin circulating widely this winter or how severe the season will be. Experts often look at flu activity in southern hemisphere countries such as Australia and New Zealand for indications of how the UK season could develop.
Their flu season peaks in July or August. Australia has recorded fewer cases than last year, while New Zealand has experienced high numbers.
Everyone is at risk of catching flu, regardless of age or how fit and healthy they are.
Doyle said: “Flu can really knock you for six, and for some children and pregnant women it can mean becoming seriously ill or ending up in hospital.”
The flu vaccine cannot give you flu. Instead, it helps the body know how to fight the virus.
Children aged two and over receive a nasal spray version, while adults receive an injection. One dose is needed ahead of winter.
Free NHS flu vaccines are available through pharmacies, GPs and schools. People who are not eligible for a free vaccination can pay around £10 to £20.
Schoolchildren and pregnant women can receive a free NHS flu vaccine from September onwards.
From October, free vaccination will also be available to children aged two or older who have not yet started school, people aged 65 and over, those with certain long-term health conditions, care home residents and carers of older or disabled people, including those receiving a carer’s allowance.
It will also be available to people living with someone who has a weakened immune system and those experiencing homelessness or staying in a homeless hostel or night shelter.
More adults will also be offered vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a virus that attacks the lungs, this winter.
From September, adults with certain pre-existing health conditions, such as chronic lung disease, will be invited for the RSV vaccine when they turn 65 rather than waiting until 75.
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