Hormonal health
Women in UK with PCOS facing widespread failures in treatment, report finds

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome face long waits for diagnosis and poor access to treatment, a parliamentary report has warned.
More than a third of women with PCOS waited over four years for a diagnosis, according to findings from the all-party parliamentary group.
After being diagnosed, 38 per cent said they were not offered any resources.
PCOS affects one in eight UK women of childbearing age.
The condition causes irregular periods, higher levels of the androgen hormone (which can trigger excess facial or body hair), and enlarged ovaries with fluid-filled sacs.
The report was based on patient surveys, oral evidence sessions and freedom of information requests to all 42 integrated care boards in England.
Only three per cent of patients felt supported by their healthcare providers. Almost a third reported feeling dismissed or not taken seriously.
Michelle Welsh is Labour MP for Sherwood Forest and chair of the APPG on PCOS.
She said: “PCOS affects one in eight women and those assigned female at birth, yet for too long it has been sidelined in policy, overlooked in funding, and misunderstood in practice.
“This report sets out a clear and urgent case for reform. If we are serious about improving women’s health, we must act now to break the cycle.”
The inquiry also revealed inequalities.
Women from Black and Asian backgrounds were up to 2.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with PCOS.
Those from ethnic minority groups more often had severe symptoms, including insulin resistance, a condition where the body struggles to use insulin properly.
Dr Itunu Johnson-Sogbetun, GP and founder of the Royal College of GPs’ women’s health special interest group, said the report reflected “what many of us with PCOS already know from lived experience: care is fragmented, diagnosis is delayed, and long-term risks are too often ignored.”
“PCOS is a multisystem condition, yet the NHS frequently treats it narrowly as a fertility or gynaecological issue.
“The report rightly highlights the postcode lottery of care, the lack of national pathways, and the absence of coordinated support for the metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological complications that come with PCOS.”
The study also highlighted that the absence of Nice primary care guidance for PCOS had created a postcode lottery for patients, with variations in care across regions of the UK.
As a result, diagnosis often depends on individual clinician judgment, which can result in inconsistent and uncertain care.
Rachel Morman, chair of the charity Verity, said: “While this inquiry is about PCOS, it really is a barometer for how we value and prioritise women’s health across the entire system.
“For a condition affecting millions across the UK, with a significant cost burden to the NHS when not managed proactively in integrated care settings, this level of neglect is unacceptable.
“We welcome the report and its recommendations, and stand ready to work with the government to deliver the change that is so urgently needed.”
Hormonal health
Man City launch female athlete health education platform

Manchester City has launched a female athlete health platform covering menstrual, pelvic and breast health, as well as nutrition.
The Her City website is designed for the club’s women’s first-team players, coaches, support staff, academy players and parents.
Manchester City says the platform is the first of its kind in the Women’s Super League and was developed over two years.
The project was led by director of performance services Emma Deakin, physical performance scientist Rosie Anderson and PhD student and first-team nutritionist Sarah Malone.
It grew out of PhD research into menstrual, pelvic and breast health and nutrition, with the team seeking to turn that work into an online educational resource.
The website divides the four areas into separate sections and provides peer-reviewed information that the club says has been critically analysed by experts.
Content will continue to be reviewed and updated as further evidence emerges.
Resources include posters, visual explainers, audio materials and downloadable educational content, with information tailored to different groups including players and parents.
The platform aims to improve knowledge, develop critical analysis skills and strengthen communication within football and at home.
It also includes material to help users assess misinformation they encounter on social media or elsewhere.
A confidential contact form allows users to raise concerns or ask questions directly of experts at Manchester City.
Parents of academy players can also access the platform, with resources intended to help them support their children during a key phase of their development.
Manchester City said its longer-term aim is to make the platform available to all women working across City Football Group.
Menopause
NIH awards multi-university team over US$4 million to improve women’s health

Michigan State University researchers are launching a novel project to transform how medications are developed and prescribed for women.
A US$4.6m award will fund computer models designed to predict how hormonal changes affect the way medicines move through and act in women’s bodies.
The funding is the first instalment of an award worth up to US$12.8m over three years, supporting work intended to account for hormonal changes throughout women’s lives.
Researchers plan to examine factors including menstrual cycles, pregnancy, contraceptive use, menopause and hormone replacement therapy, which can affect responses to medicines.
Teresa K. Woodruff, lead investigator on the project, said: “Because female hormone levels are constantly shifting, precision medicine allows us to map out these complex interactions.
“This NIH-backed initiative will create the first computationally driven clinical tool designed to guide medical care across every stage of a woman’s life.”
The project is led by researchers at Michigan State University and funded by the National Institutes of Health, with collaborators from Rutgers, Emory, Tulane, the University of Colorado Anschutz, the University of Michigan and the University of Utah.
Thirteen researchers will develop computational models to predict how changes in female hormones influence the way medicines move through and act within the body.
The work is part of the NIH Computational Modeling of Hormone Homeostasis Initiative, which is awarding US$21m nationally to support research into sex-specific hormonal biology.
The team plans to use artificial intelligence to digitise and organise more than 40 years of hormone research data in a publicly accessible database.
Researchers will also develop a standard computer model of a 28-day menstrual cycle, alongside models of how hormones regulate organs and tissues involved in processing nutrients, including the liver, muscle and fat.
Real-world patient data will then be used to expand the models to represent groups including women going through menopause or taking birth control, as well as women with conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
The project will also use three-dimensional human tissue models and lab-grown organoids, including liver, muscle and ovarian tissue, to test and refine the computer predictions.
Researchers plan to examine medicines including metformin, insulin and GLP-1 drugs, with the aim of developing tools that could help clinicians tailor doses and avoid harmful side effects.
Qiang Zhang, associate professor at Emory University, said: “Empowered by AI, novel assays and legacy human data, we will develop mechanistically based computational models of female physiology that can make translational, quantitative predictions for women’s responses to metabolic therapies.”
The researchers said the work could help address differences in how women respond to treatments for metabolic conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cholesterol imbalances and thyroid disorders.
Nanette Santoro, professor at the University of Colorado Anschutz and president of the Endocrine Society, said: “Women experience large shifts in reproductive hormones at several points in their lifespan: puberty, pregnancy and menopause.
“During reproductive years, women also undergo profound day-to-day changes in reproductive hormone levels, giving them a markedly different endocrine backdrop than men.
“Using state-of-the-art computational technology to examine how these changes interact with commonly used medications is a critical pathway toward supporting life-course women’s health.”
The project team said its computer models and data will be made freely available to researchers and healthcare professionals when the work is completed.
Menopause
High street bakery chain Gail’s reveals menopause plan

Gail’s has unveiled a menopause action plan offering new workplace support to thousands of staff ahead of legal reforms due in 2027.
The high street bakery chain will offer new benefits including 24/7 digital GP access and a new employee assistance programme, according to The Times.
It will also explore new online training for staff, including specific training for management.
Gail’s people director Miranda Burgum told The Times: “All we’re trying to do is talk freely and for it not to be a forbidden subject. It’s helping our managers and teams understand that this isn’t a taboo.”
“We’re going to develop the education with our managers, so it will be threaded through all our policies
“It will look at induction training, it will look at the types of people we need to make sure that we make reasonable adjustments for.
“And if somebody needs some sort of risk assessment, we’re going to be looking at [that].”
The move comes ahead of reforms due to be introduced in spring 2027 under the Employment Rights Act.
UK employers with 250 or more employees will be legally required to publish and update official menopause action plans.
The plans are intended to support employers to take effective action to improve workplace gender equality and support employees experiencing menopause.
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