News
Study identifies why some breast cancers become resistant to hormone therapy
Scientists analysed genetic mutations in the circulating tumour DNA of patients with advanced ER-positive breast cancer

A team of British researchers have discovered why some advanced oestrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancers become resistant to hormone therapy.
Researchers at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, found that for four per cent of patients with breast cancer, mutations in the oestrogen receptor gene (ESR1), called F404, when combined with specific pre-existing mutations, caused resistance to fulvestrant hormone therapy.
They found that cells with these mutations remained sensitive to a range of compounds which are currently being tested in clinical trials.
The scientists hope that in the future, if these new drugs are approved, patients likely to develop treatment resistance through F404 mutations could be identified with a blood test and offered new, alternative treatments.
Fulvestrant is a widely used type of hormone therapy that is usually given to people with ER-positive breast cancer, either as a first line of treatment or once other drugs have stopped working. However, patients’ cancers will very often develop resistance to the treatment over time.
‘This could revolutionise the way we treat breast cancer’
The research, which was published in the journal Cancer Discovery, involved studying blood samples donated by people taking part in the plasmaMATCH clinical trial.
In the trial, researchers used liquid biopsies to analyse small traces of cancer DNA in the blood which have been released from tumour cells.
The team analysed these blood samples, looking at genetic mutations in the circulating tumour DNA of patients with advanced ER-positive breast cancer and observing how they responded to fulvestrant.
ER-positive breast cancers use oestrogen in the body to help them to grow, and hormone therapies like fulvestrant target the oestrogen receptor to prevent this.
Researchers in this study wanted to understand how mutations in the gene that codes for the oestrogen receptor, ESR1, can contribute to fulvestrant resistance.
They found that in four per cent of patients, following fulvestrant treatment, their breast cancer developed specific mutations in the ESR1 gene, called F404.
These new mutations only occurred in patients who already had certain existing mutations in the ESR1 gene before treatment. The researchers noted that the combined effect of these pre-existing and new mutations was a “profound resistance” to fulvestrant.
The team then tested a series of hormone therapies currently in clinical development on cancer cells with the F404 mutations. They were encouraged to discover that fulvestrant-resistant cancer cells with F404 mutations were sensitive to all four therapies tested.
Professor Nicholas Turner, professor of molecular oncology at The Institute of Cancer Research and consultant medical oncologist at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, said: “Our study makes use of innovative blood tests which detect genetic changes present in a patient’s cancer, without the need for any invasive procedures.
“The discovery of these specific genetic changes in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer helps to explain one mechanism by which some patients develop resistance to fulvestrant, and which upcoming treatments will be likely to work instead.
“This could revolutionise the way we treat breast cancer, by making use of these simple blood tests to match patients to alternative treatments, bringing them the best possible outcome.”
Dr Kotryna Temcinaite, head of research communication and engagement at Breast Cancer Now, said: “These findings help us understand how secondary breast cancer can become resistant to hormone therapies like fulvestrant and what other treatments we could use in the future if this resistance happens.
“With an estimated 61,000 people living with secondary breast cancer in the UK, research like this is vital”.
Dr Nisha Duggan, science engagement manager at Cancer Research UK, added: “Research discoveries like this help scientists find better ways to treat cancer.
“Understanding why a drug like fulvestrant stops being effective will help researchers and doctors identify the best medicines available for people living with certain types of breast cancer and develop new therapies.”
She added: “This would provide people living with specific types of cancer with more effective treatment options, ultimately helping them to live longer, better lives.”
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Mental health
Dr-Julian helps deliver breakthrough mental health support for Black and ethnically minoritised mothers

A groundbreaking digital perinatal mental health pilot for Black and ethnically minoritised women has helped women access support faster, complete therapy at higher rates, and recover more successfully than national averages.
The partnership between digital tech company Dr-Julian and The Essential Baby Company Ltd within a new model of mental health care named haPPIE SHE Cares – who offer personalised support for women sharing their healthcare experiences, showed results well above NHS benchmarks for Black and ethnically minoritised women.
The pilot was created to help women who are less likely to use traditional mental health services during pregnancy and in the first year after giving birth.
By combining trusted community referrals, culturally aware support, and fast access to therapy through Dr-Julian’s online and virtual care platform, the programme delivered standout results.
Every woman who joined the pilot started therapy, 90 per cent completed treatment, and 74 per cent recovered; well above the NHS benchmark of around 52 per cent.
Women referred through community organisations accessed support in just one day on average, compared with around 21 days through many standard services.
Even the programme’s regular referral route reduced waits to 13 days.
The findings come as NHS leaders continue to focus on maternity inequalities and unequal access to mental health care.
Black and ethnically minoritised women can face barriers including stigma, language needs, lack of trust in services, childcare pressures, and difficulty navigating complex systems.
The haPPIE SHE Cares model was designed to break down those barriers by working with trusted community groups, offering culturally informed support, and where possible matching women with therapists who understood their background or language.
Gemma Poole for The Essential Baby Company said: “Too many women who need help feel unseen, unheard or unable to get support when they need it most.
“This project shows that when services are built around trust, culture and community, women engage, recover and thrive.
“This early success could provide a blueprint for reducing inequalities in maternal mental health care across the UK. Behind every statistic is a mother who felt supported, a family that benefited and a woman who found her voice.
“Mental healthcare must work for every community. This partnership shows that when high-quality therapy is combined with culturally responsive support, outcomes improve and women get help faster.
We are proud to have provided the therapists, virtual care systems and digital pathways behind this programme. We believe this model could help NHS organisations nationwide cut waiting times and improve recovery rates.”
Women who took part described the programme as life-changing, saying it reduced isolation, gave them confidence speaking with healthcare professionals, and made them more willing to seek help.
With growing pressure on maternity and mental health services, leaders behind the project say the pilot offers a practical solution that improves care while helping cut long waiting lists.
Plans are now being explored to expand the model through training, regional partnerships, and future funding.
Cancer
Women unaware of gynaecological cancers

Only one per cent of women can name all five gynaecological cancers, new research suggests, as 21 women in the UK die every day of the diseases.
The report also found that 31 per cent of women have put off or avoided seeking medical advice for gynaecological symptoms.
It also found that 43 per cent of women invited for cervical screening said barriers had put them off attending, while 18 per cent of respondents aged 25 to 34 who had been invited had never attended.
The five main gynaecological cancers are womb, also called uterine, ovarian, cervical, vulval and vaginal cancer.
The Lady Garden Foundation said that, while progress has been made since the UK government’s 2022 Women’s Health Strategy aimed to improve gynaecological cancer care, significant challenges remain.
John Butler, medical director and trustee at the Lady Garden Foundation, said: “The fact that only one per cent of the population can name the diseases that directly affect half of us underscores a significant awareness gap, impacting individuals’ ability to recognise vital signs and symptoms or seek timely medical help.
“Addressing this isn’t just about awareness; it’s a critical public health priority. Our collective efforts are essential to ensure the latest commitments announced by this government translate into tangible change that saves lives.”
The report said key reasons for delaying medical advice included difficulty making appointments, embarrassment and, for cervical screening, fear of pain or previous bad experiences.
Women also reported challenges within healthcare interactions, including feeling “not taken seriously”, “dismissed” or “not believed” when seeking gynaecological advice.
Jenny Halpern Prince, chief executive and charity co-founder, said: “We frequently hear reports of women feeling ‘not taken seriously,’ ‘dismissed,’ or ‘not believed’ when seeking gynaecological advice.
“These experiences highlight crucial areas where we can improve patient support and trust within our healthcare system, ensuring women receive the empathetic and effective care they need.”
The Lady Garden Foundation said it aims to increase awareness of both the charity and the five gynaecological cancers.
It also aims to serve as a primary entry point for reliable, stigma-free information, helping people understand their bodies, recognise symptoms and overcome barriers to accessing care.
Its Silent No More Garden was unveiled at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2026. Designed by Darren Hawkes, the garden serves as a national call to action, using five sculptures to spark conversations, break long-standing taboos and encourage open dialogue about symptoms and preventative care.
Butler said: “Continued focus and collaborative action are essential to progress.
“The ongoing commitment from the government, alongside societal efforts to break down taboos surrounding gynaecological health, are crucial.
“The Lady Garden Foundation is dedicated to being a beacon of information and support, empowering women with the knowledge they need. We urge everyone to learn the signs, speak up, and help us save lives.”
Mental health
Poor sleep linked to Alzheimer’s risk in older women – study

Poor sleep may signal higher Alzheimer’s risk in older women with greater genetic risk, a study suggests.
Older women who reported poorer sleep also showed greater memory difficulties and more Alzheimer’s-related brain changes, the study found.
That pattern appeared only in women with higher genetic risk, suggesting sleep complaints may be a stronger warning sign for some women than for others.
Researchers examined 69 women aged 65 years and older taking part in the Women Inflammation Tau Study, an ongoing project focused on ageing and Alzheimer’s disease risk.
Participants completed questionnaires about their sleep quality, underwent memory testing and received brain scans measuring tau. Tau is a protein that accumulates abnormally in Alzheimer’s disease.
The study found that poorer self-reported sleep was associated with worse visual memory performance and greater tau accumulation in brain regions affected early in Alzheimer’s disease, but only among women with higher genetic risk.
Women with lower genetic risk did not show the same relationship between sleep complaints, memory and tau build-up. The finding was specific to visual memory and was not observed for verbal memory.
Researchers said the results add to growing evidence that sleep disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease may reinforce one another over time.
Previous studies have suggested that disrupted sleep can contribute to the build-up of abnormal tau proteins, while Alzheimer’s-related brain changes may also interfere with healthy sleep patterns.
Because women account for nearly two thirds of Alzheimer’s cases and frequently report poorer sleep quality than men, the researchers said sleep may represent an important and potentially modifiable risk factor in older women.
The authors noted that self-reported sleep assessments are inexpensive and easy to administer, raising the possibility that sleep complaints could help identify people who may benefit from closer monitoring or early intervention.
They also suggested that improving sleep could become a target for future Alzheimer’s prevention strategies, particularly for women at elevated genetic risk.
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