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Inflammation linked to depression in women with diabetes, study finds

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Inflammation may help flag depression in women with type 2 diabetes, new research reveals, but the link appears to vary by symptoms and by how depression is measured.

The findings suggest both the promise and the challenge of identifying biomarkers, measurable indicators in blood or other tests, for depression.

Women with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of depression, which can accelerate diabetes complications, impair functioning and increase the risk of death. Research suggests inflammation may be a key link between the two conditions, as certain inflammatory biomarkers are frequently found in both.

Scientists have yet to identify an objective diagnostic biomarker for depression, such as something measured through blood work, a genetic test or a brain scan.

To diagnose and measure depression, mental health providers usually use questionnaires. Some add up the number of symptoms as a checklist, while others measure the severity of different symptoms.

Depression can also look very different from one person to the next, with symptoms spanning physical effects such as sleeping too much or too little, mood-related issues such as persistent sadness, and cognitive difficulties such as trouble concentrating.

Nicole Beaulieu Perez, assistant professor at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing and study author, said: “Depression is the most measured construct in all of science, but part of our problem is that we’re not defining depression the same, there may be different types, but we’re lumping them all together.

“The variability in depression symptoms complicates how we diagnose and treat it, particularly in the absence of validated biological markers.”

To better understand the connection between inflammation and different symptoms and measures of depression, researchers at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing studied 38 women with type 2 diabetes, many of whom were also living with HIV.

They analysed blood samples for 10 different inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-8.

They also assessed participants for depression using PROMIS, an NIH-developed series of short questionnaires that includes measures of depression, anxiety, sleep and fatigue, as well as the CES-D, an older measure that adds up depression symptoms.

The researchers found that certain inflammatory biomarkers were linked to depression, but the associations varied depending on the measures and symptoms used.

Higher levels of depression and anxiety measured using PROMIS were associated with lower levels of IL-4.

They also found contradictory associations for CRP and IL-6. Both were positively correlated with depression when it was measured using CES-D and negatively correlated when it was measured using PROMIS.

Sleep disturbances measured using PROMIS were associated with IL-8.

Perez said: “It was interesting to see that, in some cases, the direction of these associations flipped entirely based on which measure of depression we were using.”

The findings, while preliminary because of the small number of people studied, suggest that the link between inflammatory biomarkers and depression may not be consistent across all measures or symptoms.

More research is needed to tease out the role of inflammation and whether subtypes of depression can be identified based on symptoms and objective biological markers.

Perez said: “We think there’s something going on with inflammation and depression, but if we look closely, we may find that’s true for some forms of depression but not others.”

She said she hoped that in future, pairing depression measures with biomarkers such as blood tests could provide more objectivity in diagnosing depression, which could help further destigmatise mental illness, as well as help clinicians catch it earlier and guide treatment.

Perez said: “Precision mental health has great potential.

“If we can identify a specific type of depression, for instance, one that appears to be driven by inflammation, this may inform which medications to try to target an underlying biological pathology, hopefully reducing the trial and error often needed to find an effective treatment for depression.

“By identifying specific inflammatory biomarkers linked to different dimensions of mental health, our findings suggest a path toward precision mental health that moves beyond one-size-fits-all approaches.”

Insight

The danger of ‘efficiency culture’ in women’s mental tech

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By Somayeh McKian, a member of the clinical advisory board of Vea, the AI-powered mental health journal app

The danger of efficiency culture in women’s mental tech is that we are inadvertently optimizing the very patterns that drive our collective burnout.

When we look at the explosive growth of the femtech sector, the dominant narrative remains focused on speed, tracking, and passive compliance.

We build apps that treat a woman’s emotional state like a broken supply chain or a medical deficit that needs to be optimised, streamlined, or forced into submission.

But true psychological resilience cannot be quantified by a simple mood slider or an algorithmic checkmark.

As a psychotherapist and gender studies scholar, my research into the lived experiences of women, particularly how cultural mandates and bodily surveillance are pathologised, reveals a deep-seated form of suffering.

When women constantly say “yes” while meaning “no,” or ignore a chronically depleted body to maintain a rigid role, they are living out what I call an “inkless life.”

It is a blank manuscript in which their physical and emotional existence has been entirely authored by external critics, medical charts, and the “Discourse of the Other.”

They aren’t suffering from an efficiency problem; they have been stripped of the agency to author their own skin.

If femtech platforms simply digitise these rigid, externalised “shoulds,” they risk becoming high-tech tools of compliance rather than portals of liberation.

The investment community and health tech innovators need to realise that the next frontier of mental health tech isn’t about managing symptoms on the fly; it is about existential archaeology.

We must build digital spaces that serve as a “corporeal pen,” transforming self-reflection from a passive hobby into a defiant, existential act.

True innovation lies in helping women find the meaning, the latent metaphors, and the unique tasks already written into their struggles and transforming inherited pain into a human achievement.

This is exactly the structural paradigm shift we are anchoring at Véa. Instead of building superficial tracking logs, our architecture treats life as a manuscript.

We design clinical narrative journeys that help women decode where their internal boundary scripts were written, recognize how somatic depletion is a truth-teller, and wield phrases like “stop it” not as external policing, but as internal, defiant boundaries.

If we want to build a sustainable ecosystem for women’s health, we must stop funding platforms that merely help women endure their exhaustion more efficiently.

In the intersection of meaningful life and technology, we look at the human spirit not by its current restrictions but by its latent potential for change.

It is time to back technologies that give the fluent soul a sharp new set of instruments to rewrite its own narrative.

Somayeh McKian is a certified psychotherapist, in-training logotherapist, gender studies scholar, published author and part of Véa’s clinical advisory board.

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Entrepreneur

Screen time reduction app awarded £15k in women-led startup competition

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A screen time app that lets friends cut their phone use together has won the £15,000 top prize in a women-led startup competition.

Snitch, led by design engineering MEng graduate Asha Bakhai, took first place at WE Innovate, Imperial College London’s flagship competition for women-led startups.

The team aims to tackle excessive screen use among young people, which some research suggests may have a negative effect on mental and physical health.

The app lets users join accountability groups and set shared limits across their most-used apps.

When one person scrolls, the group’s combined timer counts down. Its founders say this helps build awareness, encourages reflection and supports small changes in behaviour by making screen use a shared responsibility.

Speaking at the WE Innovate Grand Final, Bakhai, co-founder and chief executive of Snitch, said: “Thank you to all the people who have been involved with thinking about what it could look like for young people to not be addicted to their phones.

“Whether that’s our friends who we started this with – exchanging screen time passwords and things like that – or the users along the way who beta tested with us, or our families and our friends who we’ve forced to use our app, even though it failed and bugged out and blocked all their apps. Thank you to all of them – and especially, thank you to WE Innovate for making all of this happen.”

Snitch’s team also includes co-founders Serena Sebastian and Yoshiki Berrecloth.

WE Innovate is a six-month pre-accelerator run by Imperial Enterprise Lab for teams led by female students, recent alumni and early career researchers.

The programme supports 25 women-led teams through masterclasses, business coaching, one-to-one expert support and peer mentoring.

The top five teams competed for a share of a £30,000 prize fund.

Professor Hugh Brady, president of Imperial College London, said: “WE Innovate was born out of the realisation that women founders were grossly underrepresented among our wider founder group across the university – so it was an imperative for Imperial to start such a programme.

“It was just last year that we heard Dame Alison Rose, author of the Rose Review, speak about the untapped economic opportunity and potential of women entrepreneurs in the UK.

“After 12 years, this programme has supported hundreds of women entrepreneurs, leading to exciting ventures across health tech, clean tech and all aspects of deep tech.”

The winning teams were selected by a panel including Kristen McLeod CBE, chief strategy officer at the British Business Bank, and Elizabeth Gooch MBE, founder and former chief executive of EGS plc.

The panel also included Pierre N. Rolin, founder and chief executive of Ankh Impact Ventures, and Professor Mary Ryan, vice-provost for research and enterprise at Imperial.

The final marked the second year of WE Innovate National, a UK-wide programme with separate Grand Final showcases held this month at Queen’s University Belfast, Swansea University and Loughborough University.

Joanna Jensen, founder of skincare brand Childs Farm, gave a keynote address about her experiences as an entrepreneur and co-writing The Rise Report of Female Entrepreneurship.

The report found that the UK economy would be £310bn larger if women started and scaled businesses at the same rate as men.

Jensen said 78 per cent of the founders surveyed reported that human connection had been central to their journey, while one in seven identified loneliness as their biggest challenge as an entrepreneur.

She said: “That is why what Imperial is doing matters so profoundly. Not just here in South Kensington but as WE Innovate goes national.

“Because a founder in Loughborough, Durham or Swansea deserves the same access to networks, mentors, capital and belief as a founder sitting in this room tonight.

“Talent is everywhere. Opportunity, until now, has not been.

“A nationwide network for female founders, being backed by women and men, having doors opened for them by women and men, and then paying that forward: that is how you close a £310 billion gap.

“Not with one programme. With a system of programmes, joined up across the country, and held to account on outcomes.”

Waypoint, led by innovation design engineering MSc student Bana Quronfuleh, received the £7,000 second prize.

The team is developing a video game controller that allows visually impaired players to hear and feel popular games.

AlphaVectors Biotech, led by Imperial alumnus Dr Apanpreet Kaur, received the £5,000 third prize for its lipid nanoparticle platform, which aims to improve the stability of RNA vaccines at room temperature.

Lipid nanoparticles are tiny fat-based particles used to protect and deliver genetic material, including the RNA found in some vaccines.

The other finalists, FluoroCycle and Epile-X, each received £1,500.

PHlora LABS received the Lauren Dennis Award, which was established in memory of a pioneering WE Innovate alumnus, for developing a synbiotic suppository intended to prevent recurrent vaginal infections.

Synbiotics combine beneficial microorganisms called probiotics with substances known as prebiotics, which help them grow.

The award recognises a team demonstrating exceptional entrepreneurial spirit in science, technology, engineering and mathematics and includes a six-month business coaching package.

DisoLens received the Engineers in Business Award, sponsored by the Engineers in Business Fellowship.

The award provides each winner with £1,500 in grant funding, mentorship and a professional CV package for entrepreneurs working across engineering sciences.

The team is developing a self-dissolving biodegradable contact lens intended to remove the need for lenses to be taken out each day.

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Pregnancy

£50m initiative aims to tackle disparities in maternal healthcare

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A £50m maternity consortium will bring together UK clinicians, researchers and communities to tackle the most critical gaps in maternal care.

Funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research has established the NIHR Inequalities Challenge: Maternity Disparities Consortium under the leadership of the University of Birmingham and Newcastle University.

Higher education bodies, NHS organisations, community groups and voluntary organisations from across the UK will work together through the programme.

The NIHR has committed £50m over five years to support research led by clinicians, researchers and communities across the consortium.

Professor Joht Singh Chandan, consortium co-lead for research at the University of Birmingham, said: “National attention on maternity safety and equity has never been greater, but ambition must now be matched by evidence and implementation.

“Through this consortium, we will work across the UK to understand what works, for whom and in what contexts, and to ensure that research leads to practical changes in care for the women, babies and families who need them most.”

The launch comes at a pivotal moment for UK maternity care, with growing national attention on improving safety, equity and women’s experiences of care.

The government’s renewed Women’s Health Strategy highlights the need to improve care before and between pregnancies for underserved communities.

Against that backdrop, the consortium will generate the evidence, interventions and research capacity needed to help turn national ambition into practical improvements for women, babies and families.

University of Birmingham is leading work to improve maternity care pathways across the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal periods.

Antenatal care covers pregnancy before labour, while intrapartum care refers to care during labour and birth.

The consortium will examine how women and families can be better supported before pregnancy and between pregnancies.

This includes improving access to advice and care that can help people prepare for pregnancy, manage existing health conditions and reduce risks before they build up.

Other research will focus on improving care during pregnancy, birth and the early weeks after birth.

This will include work on major causes of poor maternal health, such as high blood pressure, diabetes in pregnancy, obesity, perinatal mental health and complications during recovery after birth.

Professor Judith Rankin OBE, consortium co-lead for research and capacity development at Newcastle University, said: “This funding represents a critical opportunity to make the step change we need to improve outcomes for women and their babies.

“Alongside the research, the Consortium will be investing in tomorrow’s research leaders today to ensure we have the capacity to deliver on improving pregnancy outcomes, access to, and experience of, care.”

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