Cancer
Walking may lower cardiovascular death risk for women with cancer history
Among postmenopausal women with a history of cancer, taking more daily steps and engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were both associated with a significantly reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease, according to a new study.
Cancer survivors are at an increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, according to a 2019 scientific statement from the Association. The statement also noted that exercise training is an essential part of cardiac rehabilitation and recovery after cancer treatment, and that exercise therapy can help to reduce cardiovascular toxicity during cancer treatment.
“Encouraging cancer survivors to be more active, sit less and take more steps every day could be a feasible approach for prolonging survivorship and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality,” said lead study author Eric Hyde, a research analyst at the University of California, San Diego.
“Our study helps us to better understand potential physical activity behaviours of postmenopausal women in relation to cancer survival.”
Researchers examined physical activity data from the Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration, a study combining two observational studies exploring the relationship among physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cancer incidence and death.
They assessed the potential associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with death from cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality (death from any cause).
The study followed for about eight years nearly 2,500 post-menopausal women between the ages of 63 and 99 years. The analysis included participants diagnosed with breast or other cancers at least one year before enrolling in the studies.
Participants wore an accelerometer on the hip for at least 10 hours per day for up to one week. The device recorded daily physical activity, including light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, total physical activity and step counts. It also recorded sedentary behavior including total sitting time during awake hours.
After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, various lifestyle and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, cancer type and years since cancer diagnosis, the study found that more daily steps and more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with a progressively lower risk of all-cause mortality; that the greatest benefit was seen among participants who logged 5,000–6,000 steps per day, and their risk of all-cause mortality was reduced by 40 per cent; and, each additional 2,500 steps per day was also incrementally associated with a 34 per cent reduction in risk of death from cardiovascular disease.
It also found that the greatest benefit from moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was seen among participants with at least one hour per day, which reduced all-cause mortality risk by 40% and cardiovascular disease mortality risk by 60 per cent. However, significant reductions in risk were also evident at amounts far below one hour per day, researchers noted.
Furthermore, every 102-minutes of sitting time per day was associated with a 12 per cent increased risk of all-cause mortality and a 30 per cent higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease.
“Risk reductions were even evident when participants walked fewer than 5,000 steps per day, half of the often touted 10,000 steps per day threshold,” Hyde said.
“Daily steps are an important measure because they are easily understood by the public, can be at any intensity level and are recorded on wearable devices like smartwatches that are increasingly being worn by all.”
Keith Diaz, the Florence Irving Associate Professor of Behavioral Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, noted that the study’s findings add to the understanding of how to manage health and promote longevity after a cancer diagnosis.
“While structured exercise remains the most efficient and effective way to improve your health, these findings highlight that walking – at any intensity – matters. The road to an active lifestyle is more accessible than we often assume, and the benefits are available to everyone, including people navigating life after cancer,” said Diaz, who was not involved in the study.
“Another key takeaway from this study is the impact of sedentary time. Many adults now spend the majority of their day sitting, not engaged in physical activity, and for cancer survivors, this issue is likely even more pronounced due to the physical toll of cancer treatment and recovery. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that prolonged sitting is a significant health risk—one that we must actively combat, particularly after a cancer diagnosis.”
AstraZeneca’s breast cancer drug Etcamah has been approved in the EU as part of a combination treatment for advanced disease.
The European Commission acted on a positive opinion from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, the Cambridge, England-based drug maker said.
The decision followed positive results from the Serena-6 phase III trial, which showed a 56 per cent reduction in the risk of disease progression in advanced oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
A phase III trial is a large, late-stage study used to assess a treatment’s safety and effectiveness before wider regulatory approval.
Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is a form of the disease that can grow in response to the hormone oestrogen.
Etcamah, whose generic name is camizestrant, was tested in combination with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor.
Known as CDK4/6 inhibitors, these medicines block proteins that help cancer cells grow and divide.
AstraZeneca said the Etcamah combination has also been approved in Japan, the UAE and Saudi Arabia based on the Serena-6 trial results.
The company said breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death among women in Europe, with more than 140,000 deaths and more than 540,000 patients diagnosed in 2024.
AstraZeneca shares were down 0.6 per cent at 12,628 pence in London on Thursday.
Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer have a 59 per cent higher risk of ischaemic stroke in the first year after diagnosis, research suggests.
Researchers also said survivors who develop sudden stroke symptoms, including one-sided weakness, facial drooping, speech difficulties or vision loss, should seek immediate medical attention.
The multicentre study analysed National Health Insurance Service data from 107,606 women who underwent surgery for newly diagnosed breast cancer and compared them with 322,818 age-matched women with no history of cancer.
The research was conducted by professor Shin Dong-wook of Samsung Medical Center, professor Han Kyung-do of Soongsil University, professor Yong-Moon Mark Park of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and professor Wonyoung Jung of the University of Pennsylvania.
Professor Yong-Moon Mark Park said: “The study demonstrates a time-dependent pattern in which the risk of ischaemic stroke rises sharply immediately after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment before gradually declining.
“The key finding is that we evaluated stroke risk according to different stages following diagnosis and treatment. This suggests that clinicians should consider not only how much the risk increases, but also when it is greatest.”
The study included women aged 18 or older who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2016, underwent surgery and had no previous stroke.
Each patient was matched with three women of the same birth year who did not have cancer. Participants were followed for an average of 7.2 years.
The main outcome was ischaemic stroke, also known as cerebral infarction. It occurs when a blocked blood vessel cuts off blood flow to the brain and is a leading cause of death and long-term disability.
During follow-up, ischaemic stroke occurred in 1,155 breast cancer patients, or 1.07 per cent, and 3,698 women in the control group, or 1.15 per cent.
Overall, breast cancer surgery was not linked to a significantly higher long-term risk of ischaemic stroke, and researchers recorded a slight fall in risk over time.
However, a different pattern emerged immediately after diagnosis.
Within one year of diagnosis, patients had a 59 per cent higher risk of ischaemic stroke than women without cancer.
The risk was highest during the first three months, at 2.90 times that of the control group.
It remained elevated within six months, at 2.27 times the control group’s risk, before gradually declining.
The risk was still 17 per cent higher three years after diagnosis.
Researchers said the temporary increase may be linked to cancer-related hypercoagulability, inflammatory responses to surgery and treatment, and cardiovascular stress caused by anticancer therapies.
Hypercoagulability means the blood is more likely than usual to form clots. Cardiovascular refers to the heart and blood vessels.
The increased risk was particularly pronounced among patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes or a history of current smoking.
Hypertension means high blood pressure. Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition affecting how the body controls blood sugar.
Breast cancer patients who smoked had a 2.26-fold higher risk of ischaemic stroke than comparable women without cancer.
Principal researcher professor Shin Dong-wook stressed the importance of vigilant care for patients with cardiovascular risk factors, especially during the early phase of breast cancer treatment.
Shin said: “Patients with hypertension, diabetes, or other cardiovascular risk factors, as well as those who smoke, require particularly careful management during the early phase of breast cancer treatment.
“If patients who have undergone breast cancer treatment suddenly develop weakness in one arm or leg, facial drooping, slurred or abnormal speech, or vision loss on one side, ischaemic stroke should be suspected, and they should seek immediate medical evaluation.”
Researchers said survivorship care should include strategies to monitor and manage cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk throughout treatment as advances in breast cancer care continue to improve survival.
Cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions affecting blood flow and blood vessels in the brain.
Cancer cells may hijack a fertility protein to repair damaged DNA and survive chemotherapy, research suggests.
The findings could point to a way of making existing cancer treatments more effective.
SYCP1 is a protein normally involved in producing sperm and eggs.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool found that the protein, previously thought to work only in reproduction, can be reactivated in cancer cells, where it helps tumours survive and grow.
SYCP1 usually helps chromosomes pair during meiosis, the form of cell division that produces reproductive cells.
In cancer cells, however, the protein appears to take on another role. It enters the nucleus, the cell’s control centre, binds directly to DNA and regulates genes involved in cell division and DNA repair.
DNA repair is how cells fix damage to their genetic code. In cancer, this process can help tumour cells survive treatment.
The researchers found that removing SYCP1 made cancer cells much more sensitive to chemotherapy drugs that damage DNA.
The findings suggest cancers may use SYCP1 to repair damage caused by treatment and continue growing.
Dr Urszula McClurg, lecturer in biochemistry, cell and systems biology at the University of Liverpool, said: “Our findings show that cancer cells can hijack proteins that normally exist only in reproductive tissues and give them completely new jobs.
“Understanding these unexpected functions opens up exciting opportunities to develop new treatments that make existing cancer therapies more effective.”
The work challenges the long-held belief that proteins active only in fertility have no biological relevance outside the reproductive system.
Researchers say these specialised proteins could provide new treatment targets across many types of cancer.
The study also offers a new view of how cancers evolve by repurposing developmental and reproductive processes.
The findings highlight SYCP1 as a candidate for future precision cancer therapies, which are treatments based on the specific biology of a patient’s cancer.
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