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Opinion

“The gender pain gap hurts everyone – including the healthcare system and taxpayers”

By Cindy Moy Carr and Tami Wahl

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For decades a lot of ink has been spilled both online and in print about pain treatment disparities between men and women, often by the patients themselves.

One very famous case is that of actress comedienne Gilda Radner, who in her book Its Always Something described how she started experiencing acute exhaustion and pain in her upper legs in 1985 while filming Haunted Honeymoon in the United Kingdom.

She sought medical attention, and over the course of the next year, several doctors, the most of whom were in California, gave her differing diagnoses that ultimately turned out to be false. Several told her it was period pain and Epstein-Barr Virus which Radner herself referred to as fitting to “the Queen of Neurosis.”

For many like Radner, period pain has been blamed for what later turns out to be an unrelated illness or physical condition.

Radner continued to feel abdominal discomfort for 10 months. By the time they finally diagnosed her with Stage IV ovarian cancer in October 1986, the tumour inside her had grown to the size of a grapefruit.

Radner had a hysterectomy along with radiation and chemotherapy. Following remission and relapse, she died three years later at age 43. If only the doctors had listened and investigated all the possibilities sooner.

In November 2022, 33 years after the death of Radner, the first-ever gender pain gap report was released. The report, researched and compiled by Nurofen, based on a survey in the United Kingdom of 5,100 participants, analyses the differences in experience of pain for both men and women in the United Kingdom and found:

  1. 56 per cent of women surveyed, compared to 49 per cent of males, felt their pain was disregarded or neglected.
  2. One in four women vs one in six males reported having feelings that generally, no one took their suffering seriously.
  3. Of those that felt this way, 50 per cent said their GP and 27 per cent said their GP (the UK equivalent of a PCP) ignored or dismissed their pain, with partners/spouses (26 per cent) and friends (21 per cent) reacting in similar ways.
  4. Nearly two-thirds (63 per cent) of women believe that doctors and nurses discriminate against women and treat men’s pain more seriously.

The reasons it took so long for such a study are present in the results. The report states that the gender gap found in this study is probably a product of a “male as default” philosophy and historic practice that pervades research, clinical trials, healthcare policy and services.

It seems Radner wasn’t the only one who thought herself neurotic. The report also states that only 28 per cent of women who experience severe daily pain would seek consultation with their GP.

That trend continues with treatments for pain where 74 per cent of women would choose self-care over seeing an GP due to feeling ignored or dismissed compared to just 60 per cent of men. And almost a quarter (24 per cent) of the women surveyed also reported that pain had led to them feeling depressed, compared to 18 per cent of men.

These results, while shocking, are an everyday experience for most women we know.

The first study definitively proving the existence of menstrual pain was released by Harvard and Apple in March 2021. Women obviously knew menstrual pain existed, the pain simply wasn’t considered important enough to merit research funding.

In 1998 sildenafil citrate, later marketed as Viagra, was tested as heart medication and found to offer total relief for serious period pain over four hours. The review panel refused further research funding because cramps were not a public health priority.

In 2007 sildenafil citrate was found to help hamsters recover from jet lag. In 2013 sildenafil citrate was again shown to relieve menstrual pain but the study ran out of funding. Hamsters get priority over women.

More recently one of this article’s authors sought counselling for hypochondria after numerous doctors told her the mysterious ailments she was suffering, including debilitating migraines, dry eyes and vertigo, were psychosomatic.

It was a nurse who told her it was perimenopause. Simple hormone therapy solved years of symptoms.

Gender pain disparity is a safety issue

In 2020, the First Do No Harm report was published by the Independent Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Review, chaired by Baroness Julia Cumberlege.

The Review team spent two years speaking to more than 700 women and their families who experienced complications linked to three treatments–1) sodium valproate, an epilepsy drug that increases the risk of birth defects; 2) Primodos, a hormonal pregnancy test withdrawn from the market in 1978, allegedly associated with birth defects and miscarriages; and 3) pelvic mesh implants, used to treat prolapse and urinary incontinence, the complications of which can cause debilitating pain “like shards of glass inside the body”.

The 277-page report is an explicit and gut-wrenching read, laying out in minute detail the multitude and shocking ways in which patients – most of whom are women – were treated dismissively by the healthcare system with the resulting outcomes being just as severe, including job loss, breakdown of family life, children or husbands becoming carers for mothers or wives, and for women with children suffering from foetal valproate spectrum disorder, being accused of abuse by poorly educated clinicians.

On page 17 of the report, under the subtitle No-one is listening’ – The patient voice dismissed, the Review team writes: “They spoke of being ‘gaslighted’ and of not being believed, particularly in relation to pelvic mesh and the suffering of pain.

“Women, in reporting to us their extensive mesh complications, have spoken of excruciating chronic pain feeling like razors inside their body, damage to organs, the loss of mobility and sex life and depression and suicidal thoughts.”

The Review team goes on: “Some clinicians’ reactions ranged from ‘it’s all in your head’ to ‘these are women’s issues’ or ‘it’s that time of life’ wherein anything and everything women suffer is perceived as a natural precursor to, part of, or a post-symptomatic phase of, the menopause.”

The Review then explains some of the consequences of this treatment, including the increased costs to the UK taxpayer.

“We know that women who accept a normalisation of their pain tend to seek the help they need far later than they should,” they write.

“This precludes the possibility of early, less invasive treatment with potentially better outcomes. It also takes its toll, physically, mentally and emotionally on the patient and their family and imposes ultimately a far greater cost on the NHS and the healthcare system to treat and attempt to put right.”

What steps can we take to narrow the gap?

Nurofen’s study is a good start. They’ve also launched a website called named See My Pain where the stories of real women are posted.

Their parent company Reckitt Benckiser has also committed to several long-term initiatives that go beyond marketing to finally close the gender pain gap.

For instance, the business will invest in creating new tools to help both men and women describe and articulate their suffering while speaking with medical specialists.

Reckitt has also pledged to include gender balance when planning and analysing its clinical studies, provide training in identifying gender bias and will frequently review the Gender Pain Gap Index Report to monitor progress. (Note: The authors are not affiliated with Reckitt.)

These are all good first steps from a brandholder in the medical ecosystem.

Healthcare professionals could receive training in active listening techniques. Medical school curriculums and continuing education sessions could explore and raise awareness of the gap, which may initiate an openness and curiosity for students and physicians to look beyond defined conditions.

Patients should learn to be their own advocates. Today we have technologies, digital platforms, social media and online communities to better inform and empower an individual.

Perhaps if Gilda’s medical team was more curious or she had a broader support network with similar symptoms she wouldn’t have dismissed herself as “neurotic” and she’d still be here making us all laugh with her wonderful characters.

A longer-term and more involved measure is a comprehensive and macro-review of the healthcare model.

The system has become such a behemoth that medical discoveries and any sense of individualised treatments are ultimately limited if non-existent.

The existing model was built decades prior to the array of digital data and technologies that are available today. Is a complete overhaul needed or can the existing system be reconfigured to utilise and meet contemporary times?

A serious review would reveal best next steps to close the gender pain gap among other improvements.

The Nurofen report concludes on a practical note: “Closing the gap on pain will not only provide immediate solutions for women experiencing pain, but we hope will have a ripple-effect in terms of social and economic gains.”

More importantly, closing the gender pain gap will save lives and will absolutely improve the quality of life for women navigating pain.

 

Cindy Moy Carr is the founder and CEO of Vorsdatter Limited which developed mySysters, an app for perimenopause and menopause. She’s an attorney and journalist who authored the American Bar Association’s Guide to Health Care Law.

Tami Wahl serves as legislative and regulatory counsel for innovators across multiple industry sectors. 

Opinion

From platforms to people: The next era of femtech

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By Katrina Zalcmane, head of partnerships and growth, Véa

The next era of femtech shifts focus from platforms to people as women rethink how technology fits into wellness and social life.

Women are spending less time on ambient, always-on digital environments and more time in bounded, intentional, in-person settings.

This is not a rejection of technology but a reprioritisation of how and where it belongs. For femtech, this shift is not cosmetic. It signals a structural change in user expectations – one that has implications for product design, engagement models and long-term relevance. 

I explore three key signals underpinning this shift: reduced engagement with social media platforms, the resurgence of in-person, women-led communities and growing fatigue with fragmented digital tools.

Signal 1: Declining Engagement With Social Platforms Among Women

Multiple data sources point to a flattening or decline in engagement with traditional social media platforms, particularly among women:

  • Pew Research Center reports that adults are increasingly “actively limiting” their social media use, with women more likely than men to cite emotional exhaustion and reduced wellbeing as reasons.
  • Ofcom’s Online Nation report shows year-on-year declines in time spent on social platforms among UK women aged 25–44, alongside rising use of messaging and offline coordination tools.
  • Meta itself has acknowledged a shift away from “social graph” engagement toward private, smaller-group interactions in recent earnings calls.

While this is not mass abandonment, it does indicate selective withdrawal: fewer platforms, less ambient presence, more intentional use.

Signal 2: The Rise of In-Person, Women-Led Communities

At the same time, participation in physical, community-based activities has increased. Examples include:

  • the growth of women-led run clubs and fitness collectives across major cities, often operating independently of digital platforms;
  • the expansion of paid, small-scale retreats and circles focused on reflection, creativity or embodiment;
  • increased demand for local, recurring group experiences rather than one-off events.

While women are stepping back from social platforms, they are stepping into real-world communities. ONS data on social capital shows a post-pandemic rebound in in-person participation, particularly among women aged 25-45, with a preference for smaller, repeat gatherings over large social events.

What distinguishes this wave of community-building is intentionality. These spaces are bounded, often invitation-based and deliberately offline.

They are designed to counteract overstimulation rather than add to it.

Signal 3: Tool Fatigue and the Consolidation of Digital Habits

Alongside social media fatigue, there is growing evidence of “tool fatigue” across wellness and productivity categories:

  • App retention rates across health and wellness remain low, with industry benchmarks showing that fewer than 25 per cent of users remain active after 30 days.
  • Deloitte’s Digital Consumer Trends report notes a move toward app consolidation, with users preferring fewer, multi-purpose tools over fragmented stacks.
  • Qualitative studies show women are particularly sensitive to cognitive overload caused by managing multiple apps for mood, cycles, health, reflection and social coordination*.

The implication is not that women want less support but that they want smarter, simpler tools that can actually help manage their inner lives.

What This Means: A Shift in the Role of Technology

Taken together, these signals point to a clear trend: technology is moving from being a primary site of social life to a supporting layer around it.

Women are not asking apps to become communities. They are asking them to:

  • help them reflect and process privately;
  • reduce cognitive and emotional clutter;
  • support real-world relationships rather than replace them;
  • operate in bounded, intentional ways.

This reframes success metrics. Engagement time and daily active use become less meaningful than whether a tool genuinely increases capacity, clarity and presence outside the app.

Implications for Femtech

For femtech, this marks a decisive transition. The first phase of femtech focused on visibility: tracking cycles, symptoms and bodily data that had previously been ignored.

The next phase will focus on integration: helping women make sense of experience in ways that support how they live, relate and gather.

Femtech products that attempt to:

  • replicate community digitally,
  • build social feeds under the banner of wellbeing,
  • position AI as a substitute for real connection,

risk misaligning with where behaviour is actually moving. 

By contrast, femtech that treats technology as infrastructure, not destination, is better positioned for longevity.

Where Véa Fits

Véa was built with this shift in mind.

Rather than attempting to replace connection or build another social layer, Véa focuses on internal processing – neuroscience-backed journaling, emotional pattern recognition and reflective AI support – so that women can show up more clearly in their real lives.

Importantly, Véa is not only a digital tool.

It is designed to extend into physical space, through curated in-person experiences and community gatherings that prioritise presence, embodiment and shared reflection.

The digital layer exists to support the human one, not compete with it. In a context of tool fatigue and selective disengagement, this hybrid model – digital support paired with real-world interaction – aligns closely with how women are choosing to engage today.

Over the next decade, the most resilient femtech products will not be those that maximise time spent inside ecosystems but those that give women back the capacity to return to their lives – with greater clarity, energy and real-world connection.

It’s time to design femtech that empowers presence over engagement.

*Reich-Stiebert, N., Froehlich, L. and Voltmer, J.-B. (2023). ‘Gendered mental labor: A systematic literature review on the cognitive dimension of unpaid work within the household and childcare’, Sex Roles, 88, pp. 475–494.

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Opinion

How Women in Tech Switch Off Without Switching Off

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Modern tech work blurs the boundary between focus and fatigue. Notifications spill into evenings, side projects jostle for attention, and the same screens we use to ship code stream our downtime. The answer is not to disconnect completely. It is to design small, protective rituals that restore energy while keeping a gentle sense of control. Short, low pressure restorative online play can sit alongside other evening habits without draining tomorrow’s focus.

Make Recovery a Feature, Not a Fix

Burnout rarely arrives in a single moment. It builds through micro stresses that never get cleared. Treat recovery as a product feature you ship every evening, simple and reliable rather than grand and rare. Start with boundaries that mark the end of the workday. Close the laptop, write a one line note about tomorrow’s first task, and put your kit out of sight. That single gesture creates a clean edge the brain respects.

Then change the environment. Shift lighting from cool to warm, swap the chair for the sofa, and set your phone to a calmer home screen. These cues matter. They tell your nervous system the mode has changed so you can mix mental rest with light engagement that still feels intentional.

Short, Screen-literate Rituals That Actually Work

  • A ten minute mobility or stretch video resets posture after hours at a desk
  • A tidy loop, like clearing the downloads folder or filing screenshots, reduces digital noise
  • A breath guided practice that ends on the dot gives a measurable downshift
  • A single chapter of a book or a short podcast episode keeps attention light and finite

When energy is low, aim for the smallest possible win. Two minutes of breathing still counts. One drawer tidied is still progress. Preserve the shape of recovery rather than chasing perfection.

Where Light Online Play Fits

Play is a human need, not a teenage phase. In the right dose it helps down regulate stress and restores a sense of agency after a day of reacting to tickets and pings. Keep it light and bounded. Choose modes that resolve in fifteen to twenty minutes, mute work apps, and set a visible stop time before you start. The aim is a calm, finite session that ends cleanly.

Cosy builders, puzzles, or narrative adventures often deliver novelty without social pressure. If you prefer something social, co-op rounds that finish quickly provide connection without dragging the night. Headphones with a gentle volume limit protect shared spaces and evening quiet.

Pair play with tiny chores so life runs smoother. Start a short download, fold laundry while it completes, then enjoy your round guilt free because the house already feels calmer. This is deliberate energy management, not indulgence.

Design a Space That Calms On Sight

  • Put a warm lamp on a simple timer so evenings do not begin under harsh light
  • Keep controllers, headphones, and chargers in one tray so play starts cleanly and puts away fast
  • Use a standing phone dock during dinner to avoid reflex checks
  • Keep the bedroom device light and cool in tone so your brain associates the space with sleep

If you live with others, make the evening rhythm visible. A shared quiet hours note, a soft household wind down alarm, and a last call for dishwashing help everyone respect the boundary between work and rest.

A Weeknight Template That Holds Under Pressure

  • Shutdown: one line for tomorrow, close tabs, quick desk tidy
  • Reset: ten to fifteen minutes to settle the kitchen and lay out morning basics
  • Nourish: simple dinner that keeps cleanup minimal
  • Reward: one short activity on a timer, with light online play as an option
  • Wind down: warm lights, gentle stretch, phone on do not disturb, consistent lights out

If you miss a step, shrink it rather than skipping the whole routine. Small completions compound. Over a month they beat heroic bursts every time.

Leadership Starts With Example

Team norms shape personal wellbeing more than any tool. If you manage others, model sane hours and visible shutdowns. Delay send late emails, publish focus blocks, and praise outcomes over urgency theatre. Encourage short, restorative breaks through the day so evenings do not have to undo quite as much. When leaders normalise humane rhythms, teams follow and results improve because people are not running on fumes.

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Opinion

Why period pain feels worse in winter

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By Ruby Raut, founder and CEO, WUKA

If you have ever noticed that your cramps feel sharper, your mood dips harder, or your energy seems to disappear during the colder months, you are not imagining it. Winter can genuinely make periods feel more painful and more difficult to manage. The combination of cold weather, less sunlight, increased tension in the body, and reduced activity creates the perfect storm for stronger cramps and heavier emotional symptoms.

Understanding why this happens gives you the power to manage your cycle with more confidence. Here is the most digestible explanation of why winter and period pain are so closely linked.

Cold weather tightens blood vessels

When temperatures drop, your body goes into protection mode. To conserve heat, it tightens your blood vessels, especially around your hands, feet, and lower abdomen. While this is a smart survival response, it comes with an unwanted side effect for menstruation.

Your uterus is a muscle. Like any muscle, it needs good blood flow to relax and function smoothly. When the blood vessels around your pelvis tighten, circulation naturally becomes slower. Less blood flow means the uterus has to contract harder to shed its lining, and this can make cramps feel deeper, sharper, and more persistent.

This is why heat has always been one of the most effective comfort tools during a period. Warmth helps blood vessels open again, improves circulation, and relaxes the muscle of the uterus.

Your muscles tense up in the cold

Cold weather does more than chill your skin. It makes your whole body tighten without you even realising it. Think about how your shoulders creep upward when you step into the winter air or how your spine curls slightly for warmth. The same tension can build in your abdomen and pelvic floor.

Tighter muscles mean more resistance against the natural contractions of the uterus. When everything around the uterus is tense, cramps can feel more intense and more difficult to soothe. Even mild pain can feel magnified when the surrounding muscles are already stiff.

This is one of the reasons gentle movement, stretching, and warm baths can make such a difference during winter periods. Anything that eases tension also eases pain.

Less sunlight affects your mood and pain perception

Winter brings shorter days and longer nights, and that naturally reduces your exposure to sunlight. Sunlight plays a key role in regulating serotonin, the hormone that helps stabilise mood and influences how we experience pain.

Lower serotonin can lead to lower energy, stronger mood swings, and more emotional sensitivity. Because serotonin also impacts the way the brain processes discomfort, low levels can make cramps feel more intense.

This emotional shift can make PMS symptoms feel heavier too. Irritability, sadness, and bloating can all feel amplified during the colder months, creating a cycle that feels harder to manage.

Winter usually means less movement

Colder months naturally lead to less physical activity. We walk less, we spend more time indoors, and many people find it harder to stay motivated to exercise. While rest is important, the lack of movement has a direct impact on period pain.

Moving your body improves blood circulation and reduces inflammation. When you sit for longer or avoid movement due to cold weather, blood flow becomes slower and inflammation can rise. Both of these factors contribute to stronger cramps.

Even gentle activity makes a difference. A short stretch, a ten minute walk, or simple breathing exercises that open the chest and abdomen can support circulation and ease pain.

Prostaglandins may spike in colder weather

Prostaglandins are natural chemicals that help the uterus contract during menstruation. Higher levels are linked to stronger cramps and heavier flow. Some research suggests that colder temperatures and lower physical activity may increase the production of prostaglandins, although this varies from person to person.

This means that the natural winter slowdown combined with the physical effects of cold weather can lead to more intense uterine contractions, which again results in more painful periods.

How to make winter periods easier

The good news is that small, accessible habits can make a big difference to how your body feels during winter.

Use warmth generously

Heat patches, warm showers, hot water bottles and cosy clothing help open up blood vessels and soothe the uterine muscle.

Move your body even a little

Short walks, stretching routines or low impact workouts help improve circulation and reduce inflammation.

Support your mood with sunlight

Get outside during daylight hours whenever possible. Sitting near windows or using a light therapy lamp can also support serotonin levels.

Eat warming and nourishing foods

Soups, ginger, turmeric and herbal teas help comfort the body and may reduce inflammation.

Choose period products that keep you comfortable

Secure, breathable period underwear can help you feel more relaxed and confident, especially when your body already feels tense from the cold.

Winter does not have to mean more painful cycles.

With warmth, gentle movement, and an understanding of how your body responds to the season, you can navigate cold month periods with more comfort and control.

Find out more about WUKA at wuka.co.uk

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