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AI used by English councils downplays women’s health issues – study

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Artificial intelligence used by more than half of England’s councils is downplaying women’s physical and mental health issues, raising gender bias concerns in care decisions.

Research found that when using Google’s AI tool “Gemma” to generate and summarise the same case notes, words such as “disabled”, “unable” and “complex” appeared significantly more often in descriptions of men than women.

The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) study also found that similar care needs in women were more likely to be omitted or described in less serious terms.

Dr Sam Rickman, lead author of the report and a researcher in LSE’s Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, said AI could result in “unequal care provision for women”.

He said: “We know these models are being used very widely and what’s concerning is that we found very meaningful differences between measures of bias in different models,.

“Google’s model, in particular, downplays women’s physical and mental health needs in comparison to men’s.

“And because the amount of care you get is determined on the basis of perceived need, this could result in women receiving less care if biased models are used in practice.

“But we don’t actually know which models are being used at the moment.”

AI tools are increasingly being used by local authorities to ease the workload of overstretched social workers, although there is little information about which specific models are in use, how often they are applied and what impact this has on decision-making.

The LSE research used real case notes from 617 adult social care users, which were inputted into different large language models (LLMs) multiple times, with only the gender swapped.

Researchers then analysed 29,616 pairs of summaries to see how male and female cases were treated differently by the AI models.

In one example, Gemma summarised the male case notes as: “Mr Smith is an 84-year-old man who lives alone and has a complex medical history, no care package and poor mobility.”

The same case notes, with the gender swapped, were summarised as: “Mrs Smith is an 84-year-old living alone. Despite her limitations, she is independent and able to maintain her personal care.”

In another example, Mr Smith was described as “unable to access the community”, while Mrs Smith was said to be “able to manage her daily activities”.

Among the AI models tested, Google’s Gemma created more pronounced gender-based disparities than others.

Meta’s Llama 3 model did not use different language based on gender, the research found.

Rickman said the tools “must not come at the expense of fairness”.

He said: “While my research highlights issues with one model, more are being deployed all the time, making it essential that all AI systems are transparent, rigorously tested for bias and subject to robust legal oversight.”

The paper calls for regulators to “mandate the measurement of bias in LLMs used in long-term care” to ensure “algorithmic fairness”.

There have long been concerns about racial and gender biases in AI tools, as machine learning techniques have been found to absorb prejudices in human language.

One US study analysed 133 AI systems across different industries and found that about 44 per cent showed gender bias and 25 per cent exhibited gender and racial bias.

According to Google, its teams will examine the findings of the report.

The research tested the first generation of Gemma, which is now in its third generation and is expected to perform better, although Google has never stated the model should be used for medical purposes.

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Menstrual health innovation shortlist revealed

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We are thrilled to announce the shortlist for the Menstrual Health Innovation Award at the third annual FemTech World Awards.

This award, sponsored by Premom exists to celebrate the trailblazers redefining what menstrual health means in the modern world.

It recognises breakthrough products, services, and initiatives that are pushing boundaries in technology, product design, education, accessibility, and destigmatisation.

Premom’s innovative ovulation prediction app combines a digital ovulation test reader, intelligent fertility charting, and customised cycle insights to simplify the path to motherhood.

Sister company easy@Home was the first brand in the USA to offer personalised testing solutions and devices, and has become the largest volume seller of ovulation tests in the country.

Premom’s sponsorship of this award reflects a shared commitment to empowering women with better tools, better knowledge and better outcomes across every stage of their reproductive health journey.

This year’s shortlist is a testament to the remarkable breadth of innovation happening across the femtech landscape, from wearable bioelectronics to mission-driven apps reaching underserved communities across the globe.

Congratulations to the finalist and thank you to everyone who nominated.

Menstrual Health Innovation Shortlist

Founded by healthcare designer Kateřina Rydlová, who wanted to manage her own period pain without relying on medication, Body Moody has developed a discreet, wearable heated bodysuit that delivers targeted warmth to the abdomen and back – quietly, under everyday clothing.

Made from soft viscose, controlled via a companion app, and built for 200+ washes and over five years of use, the bodysuit is as practical as it is pioneering.

Their borrow-then-buy model lowers the barrier to entry and early customer feedback speaks for itself, with users reporting that they have gone from averaging multiple painkillers per cycle to needing none at all.

Eshe is a women’s health ecosystem built for a part of the world that femtech has long overlooked.

Rooted in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 69 per cent of global maternal deaths occur, 65 per cent of women and girls in Kenya cannot afford sanitary pads, and over 60 per cent of women lack access to preventive healthcare, Eshe was created to meet women where they are.

The Eshe app offers daily menstrual cycle and fertility tracking, pregnancy monitoring, mental wellbeing check-ins, in-app consultations with qualified doctors, and health education content, all in one place.

By identifying irregular cycles, missed periods and mental health changes, the platform nudges users toward timely action rather than emergency intervention.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects almost one in five women, making it the leading cause of infertility and a significant risk factor for conditions spanning obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cognitive decline.

Despite this staggering burden, there has not been a new treatment option in seven decades – until now.

LoOoP is a bioelectronic device paired with the MyLoOoP companion app, designed to address both the metabolic and menstrual symptoms of PCOS with the ultimate ambition of avoiding, delaying, or reducing its long-term complications.

The MyLoOoP digital platform goes further still, combining evidence-backed content, clinically validated journaling tools, a validated phenotyping algorithm, and an inclusive community – closing the persistent gaps in PCOS diagnosis, information and care.

What happens next

The shortlist will be judge by a Premom representative who will announce the winner at a virtual event on June 19.

The winner will receive a trophy and be interviewed by a Femtech World journalist.

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Mental health

Dr-Julian helps deliver breakthrough mental health support for Black and ethnically minoritised mothers

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A groundbreaking digital perinatal mental health pilot for Black and ethnically minoritised women has helped women access support faster, complete therapy at higher rates, and recover more successfully than national averages.

The partnership between digital tech company Dr-Julian and The Essential Baby Company Ltd within a new model of mental health care named haPPIE SHE Cares  – who offer personalised support for women sharing their healthcare experiences, showed results well above NHS benchmarks for Black and ethnically minoritised women.

The pilot was created to help women who are less likely to use traditional mental health services during pregnancy and in the first year after giving birth.

By combining trusted community referrals, culturally aware support, and fast access to therapy through Dr-Julian’s online and virtual care platform, the programme delivered standout results.

Every woman who joined the pilot started therapy, 90 per cent completed treatment, and 74 per cent recovered; well above the NHS benchmark of around 52 per cent.

Women referred through community organisations accessed support in just one day on average, compared with around 21 days through many standard services.

Even the programme’s regular referral route reduced waits to 13 days.

The findings come as NHS leaders continue to focus on maternity inequalities and unequal access to mental health care.

Black and ethnically minoritised women can face barriers including stigma, language needs, lack of trust in services, childcare pressures, and difficulty navigating complex systems.

The haPPIE SHE Cares model was designed to break down those barriers by working with trusted community groups, offering culturally informed support, and where possible matching women with therapists who understood their background or language.

Gemma Poole for The Essential Baby Company said: “Too many women who need help feel unseen, unheard or unable to get support when they need it most.

“This project shows that when services are built around trust, culture and community, women engage, recover and thrive.

“This early success could provide a blueprint for reducing inequalities in maternal mental health care across the UK. Behind every statistic is a mother who felt supported, a family that benefited and a woman who found her voice.

“Mental healthcare must work for every community. This partnership shows that when high-quality therapy is combined with culturally responsive support, outcomes improve and women get help faster.

We are proud to have provided the therapists, virtual care systems and digital pathways behind this programme. We believe this model could help NHS organisations nationwide cut waiting times and improve recovery rates.”

Women who took part described the programme as life-changing, saying it reduced isolation, gave them confidence speaking with healthcare professionals, and made them more willing to seek help.

With growing pressure on maternity and mental health services, leaders behind the project say the pilot offers a practical solution that improves care while helping cut long waiting lists.

Plans are now being explored to expand the model through training, regional partnerships, and future funding.

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Diagnosis

Women unaware of gynaecological cancers

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Only one per cent of women can name all five gynaecological cancers, new research suggests, as 21 women in the UK die every day of the diseases.

The report also found that 31 per cent of women have put off or avoided seeking medical advice for gynaecological symptoms.

It also found that 43 per cent of women invited for cervical screening said barriers had put them off attending, while 18 per cent of respondents aged 25 to 34 who had been invited had never attended.

The five main gynaecological cancers are womb, also called uterine, ovarian, cervical, vulval and vaginal cancer.

The Lady Garden Foundation said that, while progress has been made since the UK government’s 2022 Women’s Health Strategy aimed to improve gynaecological cancer care, significant challenges remain.

John Butler, medical director and trustee at the Lady Garden Foundation, said: “The fact that only one per cent of the population can name the diseases that directly affect half of us underscores a significant awareness gap, impacting individuals’ ability to recognise vital signs and symptoms or seek timely medical help.

“Addressing this isn’t just about awareness; it’s a critical public health priority. Our collective efforts are essential to ensure the latest commitments announced by this government translate into tangible change that saves lives.”

The report said key reasons for delaying medical advice included difficulty making appointments, embarrassment and, for cervical screening, fear of pain or previous bad experiences.

Women also reported challenges within healthcare interactions, including feeling “not taken seriously”, “dismissed” or “not believed” when seeking gynaecological advice.

Jenny Halpern Prince, chief executive and charity co-founder, said: “We frequently hear reports of women feeling ‘not taken seriously,’ ‘dismissed,’ or ‘not believed’ when seeking gynaecological advice.

“These experiences highlight crucial areas where we can improve patient support and trust within our healthcare system, ensuring women receive the empathetic and effective care they need.”

The Lady Garden Foundation said it aims to increase awareness of both the charity and the five gynaecological cancers.

It also aims to serve as a primary entry point for reliable, stigma-free information, helping people understand their bodies, recognise symptoms and overcome barriers to accessing care.

Its Silent No More Garden was unveiled at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2026. Designed by Darren Hawkes, the garden serves as a national call to action, using five sculptures to spark conversations, break long-standing taboos and encourage open dialogue about symptoms and preventative care.

Butler said: “Continued focus and collaborative action are essential to progress.

“The ongoing commitment from the government, alongside societal efforts to break down taboos surrounding gynaecological health, are crucial.

“The Lady Garden Foundation is dedicated to being a beacon of information and support, empowering women with the knowledge they need. We urge everyone to learn the signs, speak up, and help us save lives.”

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