Insight
The new era of lateral flow technology and its impact on women’s health
By Nina Garrett, chief technical officer at Abingdon Health
What impact will the explosion in lateral flow technology and adoption have on women’s health? Abingdon Health’s CTO Nina Garrett provides her insights into what the future may hold.
The rise of lateral flow technology has significantly reshaped the landscape of healthcare, particularly for women.
From its origins in pregnancy testing to its current widespread use, lateral flow tests (LFTs) have made health monitoring more accessible and convenient. Here, we explore the history of lateral flow tests, the current rapid self-tests available for women, the reasons behind their adoption, and the potential future applications in women’s health.
The origins of lateral flow technology and pregnancy testing
Lateral flow technology dates back to the 1960s when researchers first began exploring immunoassay techniques for rapid testing. The first commercial lateral flow test, however, came to prominence in the late 1970s and early 1980s with the introduction of the home pregnancy test.
The first lateral flow test: home pregnancy testing
In ancient Egypt, an intriguing method to determine pregnancy involved women urinating on barley and wheat seeds. If the seeds sprouted, it was believed the woman was pregnant.
Surprisingly, modern science supports this ancient practice, as the hCG hormone in a pregnant woman’s urine can indeed promote seed growth. This historical test showcases the ingenuity of early diagnostic methods and the enduring quest for reliable pregnancy tests.
Fast forward to the early 1960s, scientists developed sophisticated techniques to detect hCG in urine. The significant breakthrough came in 1978 when Warner-Chilcott introduced the first over-the-counter home pregnancy test, the “e.p.t” (early pregnancy test).
This innovation transformed women’s health by offering a private, quick and reliable way to confirm pregnancy without needing a doctor’s visit, marking a new era in personal health diagnostics.
While this was a significant breakthrough, the pregnancy testing market remained relatively untouched until Abingdon Health’s recent release of the world’s first saliva pregnancy test which can now be found under the Boots brand to encourage adoption. HcG remains the flagship at-home women’s test but it has paved the way for what we now see on shelves.
Current rapid self-tests available for women
Today, lateral flow technology has expanded far beyond pregnancy tests empowering women to pro-actively manage their own health and wellbeing. Rapid self-tests are available that cater to women’s health needs include:
Ovulation tests: These tests detect the surge in luteinising hormone (LH) that occurs before ovulation, helping women identify their fertile window for conception.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) tests: These tests detect nitrites and leukocytes in urine, indicating the presence of a UTI.
Sexually transmitted infection (STI) tests: Some STI tests can be performed at home, testing for infections like chlamydia and gonorrhoea using urine samples or vaginal swabs.
Vaginal pH tests: These tests help diagnose bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections by detecting abnormal pH levels in vaginal secretions.
Menopause tests: These tests measure follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in urine, which can indicate the onset of menopause.
Vitamin D deficiency tests: One of the most common deficiencies worldwide, these tests allow the monitoring of deficient and sufficient levels. Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones and teeth, the immune system, brain health and for regulating inflammation.
Ferritin (iron) deficiency tests: Iron is a crucial mineral that plays several vital roles within the body including, oxygen transport, muscle function, enzyme activity and immune function. A lack of iron can result in iron deficiency anaemia.

Why women choose to use rapid self-tests at home
There are some distinct advantages in using rapid tests, however, there still are challenges to consider. We take a look at some of these below.
Advantages
- Convenience: Rapid self-tests empower women to conduct health checks at their own convenience, eliminating the need for scheduling and attending doctor’s appointments.
- Privacy: These tests offer a discreet way to monitor health conditions, which is crucial for sensitive issues like pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or menopause.
- Quick results: Delivering results within minutes to hours, these tests enable timely decision-making and prompt treatment.
- Cost-effective: Self-tests are generally more affordable than visiting healthcare providers, as they cut out consultation fees and reduce overall healthcare costs.
Disadvantages
- Accuracy concerns: Despite high accuracy rates, rapid tests can produce false positives or negatives, leading to unnecessary anxiety or false reassurance. This is where a trusted developer and/or supplier of LFTs is critical.
- Misinterpretation: Users may misinterpret results if instructions are not followed carefully, potentially leading to incorrect health decisions.
- Limited scope: Designed to detect specific conditions, self-tests do not offer a comprehensive health assessment and might miss other underlying issues.
- Need for follow-up: Positive results typically necessitate follow-up with a healthcare provider for confirmation and treatment, which can still be inconvenient.
Potential future applications of lateral flow tests in women’s health
The potential for expanding the use of lateral flow technology in women’s health is immense, and as a contract development manufacturing organisation (CDMO), we are at the forefront of developing some novel products within women’s health and wellbeing. Here are several areas where future rapid self-tests could have a significant impact:
Hormonal imbalances
Hormonal imbalances can lead to a range of health issues, including irregular menstrual cycles, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and menopause-related symptoms.
Future self-tests could monitor hormone levels such as oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone, enabling women to manage their reproductive health more effectively.
Breast cancer
Early detection of breast cancer is crucial for successful treatment. Researchers are exploring the possibility of developing rapid self-tests that detect biomarkers associated with breast cancer in blood or saliva samples, allowing for regular, non-invasive screening at home.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a painful condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it. Currently, diagnosing endometriosis requires invasive procedures.
Rapid self-tests that detect biomarkers in blood or urine would be a groundbreaking development for early diagnosis and management.
Fertility and menstrual health
In addition to existing ovulation tests, comprehensive fertility tests could assess multiple hormones and health markers to provide a detailed fertility profile. Similarly, tests that track menstrual health and predict issues such as dysmenorrhea (painful periods) or amenorrhea (absence of periods) would be invaluable.
Mental health
Mental health conditions, such as postpartum depression, are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Innovative approaches to detect stress hormones or other biomarkers related to mental health could provide early warnings and facilitate timely intervention.
Nutritional deficiencies
While there are some rapid tests for detecting deficiencies in vitamins and minerals on the market, such as our iron self-test and vitamin D self-test as set out above, others like B12, could help women manage their dietary intake and address potential issues more proactively.
The explosion in lateral flow technology and its adoption holds immense promise for women’s health. The convenience, privacy and quick results provided by rapid self-tests are transforming how women monitor and manage their health.
While there are limitations to current self-tests, ongoing advancements in this field are going to expand their scope and accuracy, making them even more integral to women’s healthcare.
As research progresses, we can anticipate a future where rapid self-tests become commonplace for diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of conditions. This shift towards at-home testing will empower women to take more control of their health, leading to earlier detection, better management of chronic conditions and overall improved health outcomes.
Abingdon Health’s team has over 20 years’ experience in the lateral flow market and is a knowledge leader in the development, scale-up, transfer, manufacturing, regulatory approval and distribution of lateral flow products across a range of sectors. If you would like to understand more about these services, and discuss any specific requirements, don’t hesitate to contact Abingdon’s experts today.

Insight
WUKA and Royal Yachting Association partner to support women and girls in sailing
WUKA has announced a groundbreaking partnership with the Royal Yachting Association (RYA), including RYA Scotland and RYA Northern Ireland, supporting women and girls in sailing.
Building on WUKA’s growing #TackleAnything campaign – which has already reached thousands of girls across sports in the UK – this collaboration brings practical period solutions into sailing.
Together, WUKA and the RYA are committed to breaking down barriers so periods never limit confidence, participation, or performance on the water.
Ruby Raut, WUKA founder & CEO, said: “Partnering with the RYA has been incredibly important for us at WUKA.
“Sailing is an amazing way for women and girls to build confidence, and periods shouldn’t hold anyone back from enjoying the water or reaching their full potential.
“Through this partnership and our #TackleAnything campaign, we’re proud to provide practical solutions and innovative products that help female sailors feel comfortable, confident, and free to focus on learning, performing, and having fun.
“Breaking down barriers and supporting women to tackle anything — on land, at sea, and everywhere in between – has never felt more meaningful.”
WUKA, which stands for Wake-Up Kick Ass, shares the RYA’s commitment to inclusivity and empowerment.
In 2023, WUKA launched #TackleAnything, a campaign supporting women, girls and sportspeople with periods. Since its launch, the initiative has reached 3,576 girls across 46 clubs and partnered with a range of sports across the UK – from Scottish Gymnastics to Titans wheelchair basketball – helping young athletes play without limits and stay confident, comfortable, and in the game.
The brand offers period-friendly aquatic apparel and practical solutions that help women train and compete with freedom of movement and total assurance.
Through this partnership, WUKA will provide innovative period swimwear for young sailors across key RYA programmes, including the NI Sailing Team, the RYA Scotland Performance Pathway Programme, and the British Sailing Pathways Talent Academies.
By combining WUKA’s mission to challenge stigma with the RYA’s commitment to inclusion, the partnership ensures young sailors can focus on what matters most – learning, performing, and enjoying their time on the water – with confidence and comfort. RYA members will also receive a 10 per cent discount on WUKA products.
Sailing offers incredible benefits for women and girls, but time on the water can present unique challenges -particularly during menstruation.
Together, WUKA and the RYA are providing practical solutions that remove these barriers, helping young sailors participate fully and confidently in the sport.
Sara Sutcliffe, RYA CEO, said: “At the RYA, we have been making strides to break down barriers for women of all ages to help ensure they can experience the water in a supportive and positive environment.
“From education workshops and practical sessions, we want to make sure our female sailors are empowered and this partnership is another great example of how we can demonstrate possible tools to equip them to succeed”.
This partnership is part of the RYA’s wider commitment to making sailing a sport where women and girls can thrive. Alongside initiatives such as the Female Futures Group, the Women’s Race Officials Programme and all new Talent Academy Female Future’s Camps; it demonstrates a continued focus on removing barriers and creating meaningful opportunities across every stage of the sailing.
WUKA’s involvement ensures that practical solutions are available on the water, from innovative period swimwear to support resources, helping young sailors feel fully equipped and confident during training and competition.
By integrating these tools into RYA programmes, WUKA brings a new level of comfort and assurance to female athletes, allowing them to focus entirely on performance, enjoyment, and growth in the sport.
For any women and girls looking to learn more about sailing, visit www.rya.org.uk.
For more information on WUKA visit www.wuka.co.uk.
Wellness
Study links changing population to low London screening rates
London’s shifting population is holding down breast screening uptake, experts have said, with the capital at 62.8 per cent in 2024, below the NHS’s acceptable 70 per cent threshold.
The London Assembly Health Committee recently heard that the capital faces distinct challenges compared with the rest of the country and that these issues must be addressed.
Josephine Ruwende, a cancer screening lead at NHS England, said frequent moves within the rented sector and the cost-of-living crisis pushing people out of London had made it difficult to reach eligible patients, which she described as “population churn”.
She said: “This is people changing addresses and then not updating their GP, this then affects the invitation process because GP details are used to identify individuals who are eligible.
“In boroughs where we have the highest population churn, we see it strongly associated with lower uptake.”
She noted that even in the wealthiest boroughs there can be high levels of movement, with around 40 per cent of residents changing address within a year.
Such areas also tend to have more people who own second homes or spend long periods abroad, making it harder for the NHS to keep contact details up to date.
As a result, screening invitations may be sent to out-of-date addresses or to people who are overseas.
Leeane Graham, advocacy lead at Black Women Rising, which supports women of colour with a cancer diagnosis, said there were cultural barriers, fear and a mistrust of the health service due to previous experience within communities.
She said: “If you’ve never been for a breast screening before, the thought of having a mammogram can be really, really terrifying.”
Helen Dickens, from Breast Cancer Now, said other reasons included a lack of understanding of breast screening, along with concerns about discomfort, trust and practical issues such as travel.
She said: “We have amazing public transport and we feel that we’ve got great accessibility, but we also know that we don’t have screening centres in every borough.
“We know that for some women that barrier of transport and access will still be a really big reason why they’re not attending screenings.”
NHS London launched its first screening campaign last year in response to the figures, aiming to increase detection at an earlier stage.
Features
The hidden cost of “business as usual” in gynecologic surgery
A Common Surgery with Outsized Consequences
Hysterectomy and myomectomy are among the most frequently performed surgeries worldwide.
Minimally invasive and robotic approaches have delivered clear benefits at the point of care, including shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and fewer complications.
To remove the uterus or fibroids through small incisions, surgeons use a technique known as morcellation, in which tissue is cut into smaller pieces for extraction during surgery.
However, when tissue is cut without containment, those short-term gains can be offset by downstream harm.
The risks fall into three interconnected categories:
- dissemination of undiagnosed malignancy
- spread of benign tissue, including endometriosis and parasitic fibroids
- legal and financial exposure linked to off-label device use
Crucially, these costs often surface years after the original procedure and rarely where the original cost savings were realized.
Cancer Dissemination: A Known and Preventable Risk
The risk of occult uterine malignancy in women undergoing surgery for presumed benign fibroids is well documented.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has estimated this risk at approximately 1 in 350 women, prompting repeated safety communications recommending tissue containment during morcellation.
When morcellation is performed without containment, undiagnosed cancer will be dispersed throughout the abdominal cavity, effectively upstaging disease from localised to disseminated.
The clinical implications are profound, and so are the economic consequences.
Treatment costs for early-stage uterine cancer typically range from $40,000 to $60,000. Once disease becomes disseminated, costs can exceed $150,000 to $300,000, excluding indirect costs such as lost productivity, long-term disability, and caregiver burden.
Beyond treatment expenses, litigation related to morcellation-associated cancer spread has resulted in multi-million-dollar settlements, particularly during the power morcellation litigation wave of the mid-2010s. Several cases explicitly tied disease progression to tissue dissemination during surgery.
From a system perspective, a single preventable dissemination event can negate the cost savings of hundreds of minimally invasive procedures.
Benign Tissue Seeding: The Long Tail of Surgical Cost
Cancer is not the only concern.
Uncontained morcellation has also been associated with the spread of benign tissue, including parasitic fibroids and iatrogenic endometriosis, conditions that may present years after the index surgery.
Endometriosis alone represents one of the most expensive chronic gynecologic conditions. Multiple health economic studies estimate annual per-patient costs of $12,000 to $16,000, with lifetime costs exceeding $100,000, driven by repeat surgeries, chronic pain management, hormonal therapy, and fertility interventions.
While the financial impact may surface years later, downstream harm is increasingly traced back to the index procedure, including the choice between FDA-cleared containment and off-label alternatives used during tissue extraction.
Off-Label Use and the Quiet Accumulation of Liability
One of the least visible, but most consequential, dimensions of morcellation risk lies in off-label device use.
Many tissue bags currently used during morcellation are not FDA-cleared for prevention of tissue spillage during organ cutting and removal. While off-label use is common in medicine, it carries distinct legal and financial implications when complications occur.
Risk management guidance from MedPro Group, one of the largest medical malpractice insurers in the United States, has repeatedly warned that off-label use increases professional liability exposure in three key ways:
1. Burden of justification
When an FDA-cleared alternative exists, the legal burden shifts to the surgeon to prove that off-label use met the standard of care.
2. Informed consent vulnerability
Standard consent language may be insufficient for off-label device use, increasing exposure to failure-to-warn claims if complications arise.
3. Changed liability dynamics
Off-label use alters traditional liability dynamics, increasing scrutiny on clinical decision-making at the hospital and surgeon level.
Legal scholarship published in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research has echoed these concerns, noting that courts increasingly allow off-label status to be considered in malpractice cases, particularly when patient harm occurs and safer alternatives were available.
Recent U.S. court decisions have further reinforced that while off-label use is generally permitted, it is not immune from civil liability and, in rare but serious circumstances, criminal consequences when tied to demonstrable patient harm.
FDA Guidance Exists, Adoption Lags Behind
Regulatory expectations around morcellation are no longer ambiguous. The FDA has consistently called for tissue containment during tissue cutting to mitigate the risks of cancer and tissue dissemination.
Yet real-world adoption remains inconsistent.
A 2025 survey reported by News-Medical found widespread gaps in safe tissue containment during laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.
Respondents cited variability in training, institutional protocols, and access to FDA-cleared containment systems. Many surgeons reported reliance on improvised or non-cleared solutions despite growing awareness of regulatory and legal risk.
The result is a widening gap between guidance and practice, one that is increasingly visible to regulators, insurers, and hospital leadership.
Who Ultimately Pays?
The economic impact of uncontained morcellation does not fall on a single stakeholder.
- Hospitals face litigation exposure, rising malpractice premiums, re-operations, and reputational risk.
- Surgeons shoulder personal liability, heightened scrutiny around informed consent, and evolving standards of care.
- Payers absorb downstream oncology costs, chronic disease management, and repeat interventions.
- Patients bear the heaviest burden, including preventable morbidity, fertility loss, financial toxicity, and erosion of trust.
Taken together, these costs far exceed the price of prevention.
From Clinical Risk to Market Response
This growing recognition of risk has begun to reshape the market.
Before regulatory scrutiny intensified, power morcellation was widely adopted because it saved time, reduced operating room burden, and supported high procedural throughput.
It represented a multi-billion-dollar global market, supported by major surgical device manufacturers and deeply embedded in minimally invasive gynecologic practice.
The withdrawal of power morcellation from many hospitals did not eliminate the clinical need for efficient tissue extraction. Instead, it created a prolonged gap between surgical efficiency and acceptable risk.
That gap is now beginning to close.
With the emergence of FDA-cleared tissue containment systems designed specifically for morcellation, hospitals are reassessing whether power morcellation can be responsibly reintroduced in a manner aligned with regulatory guidance, patient safety, and liability mitigation.
This has significant implications for operating room efficiency, surgeon ergonomics, and system-wide cost management.
One example is Ark Surgical, a U.S.-focused surgical technology company advancing safety-first approaches to tissue extraction.
Its double-wall, airbag-like LapBox containment chamber was developed to support FDA-aligned morcellation while integrating into existing laparoscopic workflows, an increasingly important consideration as hospitals evaluate not just procedural efficiency, but long-term risk exposure.
Ark Surgical is currently in an active investment round, reflecting broader investor interest in technologies that address regulatory-driven risk while unlocking previously constrained markets.
More broadly, capital is flowing toward solutions that make it possible to restore clinical efficiency without reintroducing legacy risk.
The Cost Question Is No Longer “If,” but “When”
Healthcare systems already absorb the cost of uncontained morcellation through litigation, chronic disease management, repeat interventions, and loss of trust.
What has changed is visibility.
As clinical data, regulatory expectations, and market solutions converge, the question is no longer whether containment matters, but whether healthcare systems can afford to continue treating it as optional.
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